This is the last YIISA Newsletter of 2007. Happy Holidays to all our readers. Please join us for our Spring Semester Seminar Series:
 
Jan. 24           Professor Mark Gelber, Ben Gurion University
                        “Literary Antisemitism, Revisited: Paul de Man and Mel Gibson”
                
Feb. 7              Professor Seyla Benhabib, Eugene Meyer Professor of Political Science; Director, Program in                          Ethics, Politics and Economics, Yale University
                        “Human Rights: Between Hannah Arendt and Ralf Lemkin”
                
Feb. 21            Symposium: Africa and Contemporary Antisemitism
                        Dr. Hubert Ngatcha Njila, École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (EHESS); Centre                         d’Études Nord-Américaines (CENA), Paris
                        “Antisemitism in Africa: Post 9-11”

                        Professor Shalem Coulibaly, Université de Ouagadougou, departement de philosophie,                           ENAM, École Nationale d'Administration et de Magistrature
                        “Negation of Memory: Jewish and African Responses to the new Antisemitism and Racism”
 
                        Professor Olufemi Vaughan (D.Phil.), Discussant
                        Professor of Africana Studies and of History; Affiliate Professor, Political Science; Associate                         Dean, Graduate School, Stony Brook University; Fellow, Woodrow Wilson Center
                
Feb. 28            Professor Steven Smith, Alfred Cowles Professor of Government,
                        Yale University
                        “Leo Strauss as a Jewish Thinker"
                
Mar. 6             Professor András Gerő, Department of History, Central European University
                        “Antisemitic discourse in Hungary following the collapse of Communism”                 
                
Mar. 27           Professor David Cesarani, History Department, Royal Holloway, University of London
                        “Muslims are not the new Jews: Comparing Islamophobia and antisemitism in Britain and                          Europe”
                
Apr. 3              Professor Patrick Weil, Centre d’histoire sociale du siècle, Université de Paris 1
                        “Dreyfus, Vichy, De gaulle, Chirac: Reflections on the French-Jewish Malaise” 
                
Apr. 10            TO BE ANNOUNCED
                
Apr. 17            Professor Gert Weisskirchen, Personal Representative of the Chairman-in-Office of the OSCE                          on Combating Antisemitism, Spokesman on Foreign Affairs for the SPD Group OSCE
                        Title TBA
                
Apr. 24            Professor Roni Stauber, Stephen Roth Institute for the Study of Contemporary Antisemitism and                          Racism, Tel Aviv University
                        “The Academic and Public Debate Over the Meaning of the ‘New Antisemitism’”
 
 
SPECIAL OPPORTUNITY AT YIISA
YIISA announces an opening for a Post-Doctorate Research Fellowship, commencing September 2008.
Click here for details
 
CALL FOR APPLICANTS
 
Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 2008 Summer Research Workshop | July 14-25, 2008
“Studying Antisemitism in the 21st Century: Manifestations, Implications, Consequences”
Click here for details
 
 
FILM REVIEW
 
Vexing Questions of Jewish Identity
(New York Times) “Are you Jewish?” is a question often lobbed at Jamie Kastner, a Toronto filmmaker and writer. Why do you want to know?, he asks in “Kike Like Me,” a film that flings the question back as he moves around the globe — New York, London, Jerusalem, Paris, Berlin — to engage a widely varied cast of characters about the meanings of Jewishness.
Click here to read
 
 
REPORTS
 
Speaking about the Unspeakable: U.S.-Israeli Dialogue on Iran's Nuclear Program
(Washington Institute for Near East Policy) Despite the longstanding and ever-evolving “special relationship” between the United States and Israel, the two allies do not appear to have engaged in substantive discussions on key facets of their most pressing mutual concern, the Iranian nuclear threat. In this Policy Focus -- the second entry in The Washington Institute's series "Agenda: Iran" -- former Israeli deputy national security advisor Chuck Freilich explains the significant obstacles to such dialogue and proposes means of surmounting them.
Click here to read
 
The Clock Ticks: Sanction Iran Now
(Washington Institute for Near East Policy) Matt Levitt, argues, that the latest U.S. National Intelligence Estimate (NIE) on Iran's nuclear intentions and capabilities, which has been the subject of much assessment, has been off point.  
Click here to read
 
 
ARTICLES OF INTEREST
 
NORTH AMERICA
 
Pentagon report: Iran keeps funding militias in Iraq
(Christian Science Monitor) A new Pentagon report says violence is down across Iraq but notes that Iranian influence on Iraq's security continues, despite some assurances this fall that Iran was reducing its shipments of weapons into Iraq. “There has been no identified decrease in Iranian training and funding of illegal Shiite militias in Iraq,” according to the report issued Tuesday. “Tehran's support for Shiite militant groups who attack coalition and Iraq forces remains a significant impediment to progress towards stabilization.”
Click here to read
 
Jews’ Subway Hero a Muslim
(New York Post) A Brooklyn man whose "Happy Hanukkah" greeting landed him in the hospital said he was saved from a gang of Jew-bashing goons aboard a packed Q train by a total stranger - a modest Muslim from Bangladesh.
Click here to read
 
American Zionist group slams U.S. gov't on campus anti-Semitism
(Haaretz and AP) The Zionist Organization of America condemned the U.S. government's Office for Civil Rights on Wednesday for failing to protect Jewish students it says have been subject to a series of anti-Semitic provocations on the campus of the University of California, Irvine. The ZOA alleged that Muslim students on campus have given anti-Semitic speeches, distributed Judeophobic literature, and used intimidation tactics against Jewish students. The university's failure to take disciplinary action constitutes discrimination against Jewish students, the ZOA charges.
Click here to read
 
Bid for Home as Synagogue Meets Hurdle in Connecticut
(New York Times) For an Orthodox Jewish organization seeking permission to renovate a historical Victorian home into what would be the first synagogue in this quaint New England town of Litchfield, Conn., it is back to the drawing board — and, perhaps, to the local courthouse.
Click here to read
 
Corrie play not helpful to dialogue, QIC director says
(Canadian Jewish News) The politically charged play My Name is Rachel Corrie, which is now playing in Montreal, is not a basis for discussion on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, says the director of the Quebec-Israel Committee (QIC). “This play does not in any way assist or encourage any type of dialogue – quite to the contrary,” said Luciano Del Negro. He says it misrepresents how Rachel Corrie died and the organization with which she volunteered.
Click here to read

EUROPE
 
Investigation: Youssouf Fofana executed Ilan Halimi
(European Jewish Press) According to police preliminary investigation, Youssouf Fofana, the man who masterminded the kidnapping and murder of the 23-year-old Jewish Parisian Ilan Halim in 2006, executed personally his hostage.
Click here to read
 
Greek Neo-Nazi Author Convicted
(GreekNews) A Greek court sentenced a neo-Nazi author of an anti-Semitic book to a 14-month suspended sentence, in the first case of its kind in Greece. Constantine Plevris was found guilty of inciting hatred and racial violence with his book “The Jews -- The Whole Truth.”
Click here to read

Anti-Semitism in the Netherlands rises sharply
(Jerusalem Post) There was a sharp increase in anti-Semitic incidents in the Netherlands in 2006 and early 2007, sparked by the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the Second Lebanon War, according to Meïr Villegas Henriquez, a researcher at The Hague-based Center for Information and Documentation on Israel.
Click here to read
 
Outrage over ‘anti-Semite’ rocker
(The Age) A Croatian rock star accused of inciting racism and anti-Semitism will be forced to undergo tolerance counselling as a condition of entry to Australia. Jewish rights group B'nai B'rith have condemned the granting of an entry visa to Marko Perkovic Thompson, the lead singer of Croatian rock band Thompson.
Click here to read
 
Prosecutor wants fascist Hungarian group shut down
(pinknews.co.uk) Budapest's prosecutor has accused a far-right group recently established in the country of racism, homophobia and anti-Semitism and asked a court to disband it.
Click here to read
 
Sarkozy demands Syrian action on Lebanon: report
(Washington Post) France's president has told Syria to use its influence to allow the Lebanese presidential election to go ahead on Saturday and suggested his patience with Damascus was wearing thin, a pan-Arab newspaper reported on Wednesday. The London-based al-Hayat quoted President Nicolas Sarkozy as saying Lebanon faced the risk of "new confrontations and the possibility of the establishment of two governments" if it was left without a president.
Click here to read
 
Launch of a teachers’ guide to address anti-Semitism
(European Jewish Press) A guide for teachers on how to address issues pertaining to contemporary anti-Semitism, ranging from Holocaust denial to expressions of anti-Zionism and the use of anti-Semitic symbols, was launched Wednesday in Jerusalem. The guide, “Addressing Anti-Semitism: Why and How?” is a joint initiative of the Warsaw-based OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) and Yad Vashem, the Holocaust Martyrs’ and Heroes’ Remembrance Authority.
Click here to read
 
New German synagogue dedicated
(JTA) A new synagogue was dedicated in the Ruhr Valley town of Bochum, Germany, nearly 70 years after Nazis destroyed its former one. The applause for the growth of Germany's Jewish community was tempered, however, by warnings about new forms of anti-Semitism in Europe.
Click here to read

The 'new world order' is the 'same old order' for Jews
(On Line Opinion) Since that day in 2001, we have become accustomed to declarations that the world will never be the same, and to some degree this is true. …At the same time, some things have not changed. Tragically, the existence of anti-Semitism is one of them. As the UK Chief Rabbi Sir Jonathan Sacks said, “German fascism came and went. Soviet Communism came and went. Anti-Semitism came and stayed.”
Click here to read
 
Once and for all: Holocaust still taught in Britain
(Ynet) Despite claims in popular chain-emails circulating for months, Holocaust education is still being taught in the UK. Hagit Klaiman attempts to dispel this widely circulated urban myth.
Click here to read

MIDDLE EAST
 
Lebanon Questions Four in Fatal Bombing
(Washington Post) Army investigators on Thursday looked into the possible involvement of al-Qaida-inspired extremists in the bombing that killed a Lebanese general who had led a major offensive against Islamic militants. The beleaguered government sought to reassure the public, where many were worried that even the military -- seen as the sole institution holding the country together -- was now a target in Lebanon's unending political turmoil.
Click here to read
 
Russia Ships Nuclear Fuel to Iran
(Washington Post) Russia announced Monday that it has delivered an initial shipment of nuclear fuel to the Bushehr nuclear power plant in Iran, a step that officials in Moscow and Washington said removes any need for Tehran to pursue a widely opposed uranium enrichment program.
Click here to read
 
According to Bruce Riedel, “Israel will attack Iran on its own”
(Jerusalem Post) “I came back from a trip to Israel in November convinced that Israel would attack Iran,” Bruce Riedel, a former CIA official and senior adviser to three US presidents, George W. Bush among them, told the American Newsweek magazine in an article published Friday. Citing conversations he had in Israel with officials in Mossad and the Israeli defense establishment, Riedel concluded that “Israel is not going to allow its nuclear monopoly to be threatened.”
Click here to read
 
Stupid Intelligence on Iran, According to former CIA Chief
(Wall Street Journal) If Tehran did slow its weapons program, Bush policies probably had something to do with it.
Click here to read
 
Iran says U.S. report a "declaration of surrender"
(Reuters) Iran's president said on Sunday the publication of a U.S. intelligence report saying Iran had halted a nuclear weapons program in 2003 amounted to a "declaration of surrender" by Washington in its row with Tehran.
Click here to read
 
Ex-Israeli MI Chief: NIE will enable Iran to get nukes
(Jerusalem Post) Iran's covert nuclear weapons program is continuing, and the American intelligence community’s misassessment of it has opened the door for Iran to achieve its nuclear ambitions, the former head of IDF Military Intelligence, Maj.-Gen. (res.) Aharon Ze'evi-Farkash, warned bitterly on Tuesday.
Click here to read
 
Police in Iran Shut 24 Internet Cafes
(New York Times) The Iranian police have closed down 24 Internet cafes and other coffee shops in as many hours, detaining 23 people, as part of a broad crackdown on immoral behavior, official news media said Sunday. The action in Tehran Province was the latest move in a campaign against Western fashions and other practices deemed incompatible with Islamic values, including women flouting strict dress codes and barber shops offering men Western hair styles.
Click here to read
 
UN Sees Iranian Rights Abuses
(AP) The U.N. General Assembly approved a draft resolution Tuesday expressing "deep concern" at the systematic human rights violations in Iran, including torture, flogging, amputations, stoning and public executions. The 192-member world body adopted the resolution by a vote of 73-53 with 55 abstentions.
Click here to read
 
Despite Isolation, Gazans Show Allegiance for Hamas
(New York Times) About 200,000 Gazans rallied in support of Hamas on Saturday, the 20th anniversary of its founding. It was a significant show of force from Hamas, which took over Gaza six months ago in a rapid rout of Fatah forces. The rally was intended to display popular “samoud,” or steadfastness, in the face of the diplomatic and economic isolation of Gaza, which Israel has declared a “hostile entity.”
Click here to read
 
Israel sends US videos of Egypt helping Hamas
(Jerusalem Post) Israel is sending video tapes showing Egyptian policemen assisting Palestinian terrorists along the Egypt-Gaza border to the United States Congress as part of an effort to influence the legislative body into clamping pressure on Cairo to stop weapons smuggling into the Gaza Strip.
Click here to read
 
One Qassam too many
(Haaretz) The trial balloon floated on Tuesday by Gaza Strip Hamas leader Ismail Haniyeh is apparently more significant than it seemed at first glance. The Hamas offer of a truce, even though it has not been issued officially and Israeli figures (including even President Shimon Peres) have responded dismissively, reflects a genuine change in the situation.
Click here to read
 
‘Virgins of Paradise’ music video returns to PA TV
(Palestinian Media Watch) A music video depicting a Shahid (Martyr for Allah) being greeted in Paradise by the Dark Eyed Maidens (Virgins) has returned to Palestinian Authority (PA) television. The return of this of Shahada (Death for Allah) promotion comes at a time the PA leadership may be interested in increasing the motivation of its fighters. The PA fears an Israeli ground invasion of the Gaza Strip in response to the continuous firing of rockets at Israeli cities.
Click here to read
 
Catholic cleric comes out against Jewish state
(JTA) The Roman Catholic Church's top cleric in the Holy Land said Israel should not be designated a Jewish state. Latin Patriarch Michel Sabbah came out this week against the Olmert government's demand that the Palestinians recognize Israel as a Jewish state before peace talks can proceed.
Click here to read
 
One on One: Debunking dastardly debate
(Jerusalem Post) Manfred Gerstenfeld, chairman of the Board of Fellows of the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs (JCPA), has spent the last few years researching modern antisemitism, a post-modern form of the phenomenon: global, but fragmented, with no single leader or source - and primarily aimed at the Jewish state. It is one he feels has been given short shrift precisely among those most immediately and directly threatened by it.
Click here to read
 
 
WEEKLY QUOTES (Source: Canadian Institute for Jewish Research - Montreal)  

“Jews...we have already dug your graves.” -­Hamas legislator Mushir al-Masri, at a rally marking Hamas’s 20th anniversary, vowing to continue the jihad against Israel and never to recognize its right to exist. Top Hamas official Osama al-Mazini told the crowd that Israel was afraid to invade the Gaza Strip to stop the rocket and mortar attacks on its cities: “Had they not been afraid of your resistance, the Israelis would have invaded the Gaza Strip a long time ago…. But the Israeli enemy are cowards and the only language they understand is the language of force.” Hamas officials estimated that nearly 250,000 Palestinians participated in the Dec. 15 rally. Shouting, “We won't recognize Israel,” the Hamas supporters burned Israeli flags and chanted slogans against the U.S. (Jerusalem Post, Dec. 15)

“The responsibility for what is happening in Gaza should be put directly on the shoulders of Hamas…. It is the policies of Hamas that have led to its own isolation and by implication the Gaza [Strip] as well.” -­U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, announcing that the U.S. intends to donate $550 million to PA Chairman Mahmoud Abbas’ Palestinian Authority. Canada’s Foreign Minister Maxime Bernier said Ottawa would commit $300 million over the next five years, but he stressed that the funds were not unconditional: “We will need to see progress in negotiations by both sides, as well as progress in Palestinian democratic reforms.” He added that Ottawa will also ensure that Canadian funds do not directly or indirectly benefit Hamas. The Palestinians received $7.4 billion in pledges from the international community at Monday’s Paris conference. (AP, Dec. 17; Globe and Mail, Dec. 18)

“The American misconception concerning Iran's nuclear weapons may lead to a regional Yom Kippur, in which Israel will be among the countries that are threatened…. The softened intelligence report proves that Israel failed to provide the Americans with the whole picture concerning the Iranian nuclear threat. Something went wrong in the American blueprint for analyzing the severity of the Iranian nuclear threat.” -­Public Security Minister Avi Dichter, in one of the strongest criticisms of the U.S. intelligence estimate by an Israeli cabinet member, speaking at a Dec. 15 talk in Bat Yam. Prime Minister Olmert asked all ministers at this week’s cabinet meeting to “stop giving statements on Iran and the American intelligence report [as] such statements do not contribute to…our relations with the White House.” (Jerusalem Post, Dec. 16)

“I confirm, on this occasion, that relations will not be shaken for any reason or under any circumstance…. [I]naugurating this plant in partnership with our Iranian brothers and officials is a response to those who tried to circulate (reports)...that relations between the two countries have been shaken.”­ -Syrian President Bashar Assad, speaking at the International Syrian-Iranian Factory for Cars in Hasya, 160km north of Damascus. The $50-million auto factory is the second car venture between the two countries in less than a year. Syria and Iran have growing economic ties, with the annual two-way trade estimated at about $200 million. Iranian investments in Syria have reached around $2 billion in sectors such as power generation, automobiles, cement and agriculture. (AP, Dec. 13)

“[Young girl speaking]: To Al-Aqsa, to Al-Aqsa­ we shall unite our ranks. We will wipe out the people of Zion, and will not leave a single one of them.”­ -Excerpts from a children’s show, which aired on the Hamas Al-Aqsa TV on Dec. 3, 2007. (MEMRI TV, clip no. 1625, Dec. 3)

“The lines between anti-Zionism, anti-Israelism and anti-Semitism are very thin ones…[w]hich is precisely what the report reveals.”­ -Meïr Villegas Henriquez, a researcher at The Hague-based Center for Information and Documentation on Israel, explaining the results of a new report which observed a  sharp increase in antisemitic incidents in the Netherlands in 2006 and early 2007, sparked by the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the Second Lebanon War. “The remarkable aspect of it all is that you never see it happen the other way around,” said Villegas Henriquez. “Arabs, Muslims or Moroccans are never turned [on] whenever there seems to be mischief or controversial acts undertaken by one of their governments, leaders or party. For some reason, it has become [normal] to hold Jews all around the world accountable for events involving the Israeli people as well as the Knesset.” The profile of the antisemitic offender has also changed since the Second Intifada, said Villegas Henriquez. “It used to be the Dutchmen of North-African descent…who were mainly responsible for face-to-face incidents of anti-Semitism,” he said. This year's report shows more antisemitic acts by native-born Christians. Villegas Henriquez ascribes this to an overall “hardening” in Dutch society, as well as to the Dutch media. After the Netherlands, France accounted for the largest increase in antisemitic incidents, followed by Britain and Belgium. (Jerusalem Post, Dec. 15)
 

SHORT TAKES

RUSSIAN NUCLEAR FUEL REACHES IRAN ­(Teheran) Russia has delivered its first eighty-two-ton shipment of enriched-uranium fuel rods to Iran’s Bushehr plant. Iran insists that the plant has only civilian applications and confirmed plans to build a second one like it. Though some hoped that the import could end Iran’s nuclear development program, a senior official maintained, “There is no talk of halting enrichment.” Russia stated that while in Iran, the fuel would remain in the control of the International Atomic Energy Agency and that Iran’s government had guaranteed that the fuel would only be used for the power plant. (Ha’aretz, Dec. 17; New York Times, New York Sun, Dec. 18)

TERRORISTS INCREASE THREATS ­(Jerusalem) In response to the IDF’s continued operations in the Gaza Strip, Khaled Mashaal, the Syrian-based Hamas leader, was quoted in the Saudi Al-Jarida newspaper stating that, with the approval of his Iranian partners, to increase violence against Israel and threatened to harm kidnapped soldier Cpl. Gilad Schalit. The report claimed the escalation would result in suicide bombings deep in Israeli territory and additional kidnappings. The Popular Resistance Committees made a similar threat in the newspaper A-Sinara, claiming it would no longer aim its rockets exclusively at Sderot, but would also target Ashkelon. Last week, a rocket landed in the Kibbutz Zikim near an IDF training base, causing extensive damage and injuring a 3-year-old child. (Jerusalem Post, Dec. 14, 16)
 
IRAN RESTRUCTURES HEZBOLLAH; NASRALLAH OUT ­(Lebanon) Sheikh Hassan Nasrallah has been stripped of his responsibilities as leader of Hezbollah’s terror army. Iran’s Ayatollah Ali Khamenei was dissatisfied by his performance in last year’s war in Lebanon. His deputy, Sheikh Naim Kassem has been named as his replacement, according to al-Sharq al-Awsat. Khamenei named a senior group of his Revolutionary Guards commanders to oversee the overhaul of Hezbollah. In related news, Beirut launched an official investigation into the assassination of Brig. Gen. Francois Hajj and the government has not yet amended the constitution to allow a military head to become president. (New York Post, Dec. 14; Jerusalem Post, Dec. 17)
 
EGYPT HELPS HAMAS TERRORISTS ­(Washington) Hoping the U.S. Congress will increase its support for Egyptian anti-terrorism measures along its border with the Gaza Strip, Israel sent videotaped footage of Egyptian security forces assisting Hamas terrorists cross into Gaza illegally. Sunday, the House and Senate agreed to withhold $100 million (of the allotted $1.3 billion) in military aid to Egypt if U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice is unsatisfied with issues of human rights and smuggling into Gaza. The U.S. is also sending a delegation of officers from the Army Corps of Engineers and the Department of Defense to Sinai to assess the feasibility of a physical barrier to foil weapons-smuggling tunnels. (Ha’aretz, Dec. 17; Jerusalem Post, Dec. 18)
 
SAUDI KING PARDONS RAPE VICTIM ­(Riyadh) A Saudi female rape victim who had been sentenced to 200 lashes and six months in jail for being alone with a man who was not related to her has been pardoned by King Abdullah. The rapists were sentenced to five years and eventually nine (after a failed appeal), but the Justice Ministry defended the woman’s punishment claiming she “provoked the attack” since she was “indecently dressed”. The international community expressed its outrage, influencing the king’s decision. Justice Minister Abdullah bin Mohammed al-Sheik said that the king has the “right to overrule court judgements if he considered it benefiting the greater good of the people”. (New York Sun, Dec. 18)
 
RUSSIA NAMES RABBI FOR ARMY­ (Moscow) The Russian government has agreed to establish a military rabbinate for the first time since the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution. Rabbi Aharon Gurevich was granted the rank of colonel and appointed chief rabbinical chaplain, allowing him to visit military bases freely and serve Russia’s Jewish soldiers. Shortly after his appointment, Gurevich visited his Israeli counterpart as well as the chief rabbi of the Israel Police to consult on his role and functions in Russia. (Jerusalem Post, Dec. 17)

NANOBIBLE ­(Haifa) Scientists at Haifa’s Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, as part of an education program developed by the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, have inscribed the entire vowelled-Hebrew Bible on a gold-coated silicon surface smaller than the head of a pin using a focussed-ion device. A possible future application of this nanotechnology device would be to inscribe data on DNA and other bio-molecules. (Jerusalem Post, Dec. 17)
 
LE PEN TRIED FOR HOLOCAUST DENIAL ­(Paris) The trial of Jean-Marie Le Pen, leader of France’s Front National party, on charges of conspiring to justify war crimes and to deny Nazi crimes and to deny Nazi crimes against humanity, began this week. In a 2005 interview with Rivarol, he judged the Nazi occupation of France “not especially inhumane” and has been convicted before for racism and antisemitism. The prosecution is requesting a $14,500 fine and a five-month suspended sentence, although the maximum he could receive is one year in prison, a $60,000 fine, and a possible ban from holding public office. (London Daily Telegraph, Dec. 14; Jerusalem Post, Dec. 17)
 
SECRET CAMPAIGN TO HONOUR MOROCCAN KING ­(Rabat, Morocco) An informal campaign has begun to have late king Mohammed V of Morocco recognised as the first Arab admitted to Yad Vashem’s Righteous Among the Nations, the institution that honours non-Jewish Holocaust heroes. When the Vichy regime extended its anti-Jewish laws to Morocco in 1940, the king manoeuvred to limit their implementation and throughout the war, protected his subjects from discrimination. The Moroccan Jewish community has not officially requested his induction yet and is being cautious in its approach. (Ha’aretz, Dec. 14)