INTRODUCTION TO AMEYALTEPEC, GUERRERO NAHUATL
This course is focused on teaching students the dialect of Nahuatl spoken in Ameyaltepec, Guerrero. The basic text will be a grammar and exercises developed for this course. Supplementary readings on grammatical points covered during the course will be taken from the grammars of classical Nahuatl listed below (Andrews, Launey and Sullivan). Two Nahuatl-English dictionaries (Campbell and Karttunen) will be required and two others in Spanish (Molina and Rémi Siméon) will be made available on reserve for consultation. Periodic readings (available in a course packet) will be assigned to situate Nahuatl within the Uto-Aztecan language family, to further explore specific points of Nahuatl grammar and dialectology, to provide students with texts in classical, colonial and modern Nahuatl, and to treat questions and problems of translation. Starting in the fourth week guest lecturers will attend the course and give weekly afternoon seminars.
Required texts:
Amith, Jonathan D.
n.d. Nahuatl Grammar and Exercises from Ameyaltepec, Guerrero (photocopy).
n.d. Printout of lexicon and word lists from Ameyaltepec.
n.d. Coding for online Analytic Dictionary of Ameyaltepec Nahuatl
Course packet (article photocopies).
Karttunen, Frances.
1992 An Analytical Dictionary of Nahuatl. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press ($17.95).
Launey, Michel.
1992 Introducción a la lengua y a la literatura náhuatl. Mexico City: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México ($10.00 or use photocopy).
Sullivan, Thelma D.
1988 Thelma D. Sullivan's Compendium of Nahuatl Grammar. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press ($25.00).
Molina, Fray Alonso de.
1970 [1571] Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana. Estudio preliminar de Miguel León-Portilla. Mexico City: Porrua.
or
Siméon, Rémi.
1977 Diccionario de la lengua náhuatl o mexicana. Mexico City: Siglo Veintiuno.
Recommended texts
Andrews, J. Richard.
1975 Introduction to Classical Nahuatl. Austin: University of Texas Press (out of print, use photocopy).
Campbell, R. Joe.
1985 A Morphological Dictionary of Classical Nahuatl: A Morpheme. Madison: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies ($50.00).
Schedule
Chapter
Week, day Material covered
Chapter 1 Introduction:
1,1 Course and book purpose
Nahuatl and the Uto-Aztecan language family
Chapter 2 Nahuatl orthography and dialects
1,2—3 Concordance between modern and classical orthographies
Jesuit, colonial and modern orthographies
Nahuatl dialectology
Chapter 3 Intransitive verbs in the present tense
1,4—5 Subject prefixes
Chapter 4 Irregular verbs: to go and to be
2,1
Chapter 5 Independent pronouns
2,2—3 Function: markedness and unmarkedness
Chapter 6 Nouns: unpossessed
2,4—5 Absolutive suffixes and others: -tl, -tli, -li; -in
Possessor suffixes -eh and -wah (like locatives, see chap. X but can be
possessed)
Endings such as -sosol, -ton, -pil, -tsin(tli), etc.
Plural (-meh/-teh vs. other types: -h/redup; smeh, tsitsïnteh)
Predication and the copula
Chapter 7 Possessed nouns
3,1—3 Animate and inanimate possession
Final vowel loss
The suffix -yo
Chapter 8 Question words, relative clauses, and negation
3, 4
Chapter 9 Transitive verbs: single objects
3, 5 Order of affixes
4, 1 Definite objects
Indefinite objects
Reflexives
Chapter 10 Transitive verbs: ditransitives
4,2—3
(review: 4, 4—5)
Chapter 11 Causative (and use of objects with)
5, 1
Chapter 12 Applicative (and use of objects with)
5, 2
Chapter 13 Other verbal derivations:
5, 3 sets in -ya/-lia (with adjectival ending -k);
verbs in -yowa, from adjective -yoh
intransitives in -ti
intransitives in -tia
transitives in -ti
transitives in -wia
Chapter 14 Preterit and pluscamperfect
5,4—5
Chapter 15 Future and conditional
6, 1
Chapter 16 Habitual and imperfect
6, 2
Chapter 17 Imperative and optative
6, 3
Chapter 18 Aspectual endings with the -ti- ligature
6, 4—5
Chapter 19 Directionals (use article)
7, 1—2
Chapter 20 Adjective: adjective formation
7 ,3—4 -tik, -ki, -k
-yoh
Chapter 21 Locatives and postpositions
7, 5; 8, 1
Chapter 22 Nominalization
8, 2—3 tli on preterit verb forms
li on passive verb forms
istli and ilistli
käyötl, etc.
-yötl
Agentives
-ni habitual
-ki/-ketl/-kätl
Mandatory possessed forms
Chapter 23 Reduplication with long and short vowels
8, 4—5
Bibliography
Books (*=required)
Anderson, Arthur J. O., Frances Berdan, and James Lockhart, trans. and eds., with an linguistic essay by Ronald W. Langacker.
1976 Beyond the Codices: The Nahua View of Colonial Mexico. Berkeley: University of California Press. [F1231 B49]
Andrews, J. Richard.
1975 Introduction to Classical Nahuatl. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Brewer, Forrest, and Jean G. Brewer.
1971 Vocabulario mexicano de Tetelcingo, Morelos: castellano-mexicano, mexicano-castellano. Mexico City: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano.
Burkhart, Louise M.
1989 The Slippery Earth: Nahua-Christian Moral Dialogue in Sixteenth-Century Mexico. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. [F1219.76 R45 B87 1989]
Campbell, Lyle
1985 The Pipil Language of El Salvador. Berlin: Mouton. [PM4191 C35 1985]
1997 American Indian Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. [PM108 C36X 1997] (esp. 3—106, 133—38).
Campbell, R. Joe.
1985 A Morphological Dictionary of Classical Nahuatl: A Morpheme. Madison: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies.
Canger, Una.
1980 Five Studies Inspired by Nahuatl Verbs in -oa. Copenhagen: Travaux du Cercle Linguistique de Copenhagen.
Carochi, Horacio.
1983 [1645] Arte de la lengua mexicana: con la declaración de los adverbios della. Edición facsimilar de la publicada por Juan Ruyz en la Ciudad de México, 1645. Introductory study by Miguel León-Portilla. Mexico City: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicas. [PM4063 C3 1983]
Dakin, Karen.
1982 La evolución de la fonología náhuatl. Mexico City: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicas. [PM4061 D34]
Hanks, William F. and Don S. Rice, eds.
1989 Word and Image in Maya Culture: Explorations in Language, Writing, and Representation. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press. [F1435.3 P6 +W67]
Josserand, J. Kathryn, and Karen Dakin, eds.
1988 Smoke and Mist: Mesoamerican Studies in Memory of Thelma D. Sullivan. 2 vols. Oxford: B.A.R.. [F1219 +S6226 1988]
*Karttunen, Frances
1992 An Analytical Dictionary of Nahuatl. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
–––– and James Lockhart (introduction required: in course packet).
1976 Nahuatl in the Middle Years: Language Contact Phenomena in Texts of the Colonial Period. Los Angeles: University of California Press (introduction in course packet)
–––– and James Lockhart, eds.
1987 The Art of Nahuatl Speech: The Bancroft Dialogues. Preliminary study by Frances Karttunen and James Lockhart. UCLA Latin American Studies, vol. 65. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center Publications.
Ladefoged, Peter.
1975 A Course in Phonetics. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
Langacker, Ronald W.
1976 Non-distinct arguments in Uto-Aztecan. Berkeley: University of California Press. [PM4479 L3]
1977 An Overview of Uto-Aztecan Grammar. Studies in Uto-Aztecan Grammar, vol. 1. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics; Arlington: University of Texas at Arlington. [PM4479 S85 1]
*Launey, Michel.
1992 Introducción a la lengua y a la literatura náhuatl. Mexico City: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Lockhart, James.
1991 Nahuas and Spaniards: Postconquest Central Mexican History and Philology. Stanford; Los Angeles: Stanford University Press; UCLA Latin American Center Publications. [F1219.76 H57 L63x 1991]
1993 We People Here: Nahuatl Accounts of the conquest of Mexico. Los Angeles: University of California Press. [F1219.73 W4X 1993 (LC)]
Miller, Wick.
1967 Uto-Aztecan Cognate Sets. Berkeley: University of California Press. [F12 C12 48]
*Molina, Fray Alonso de.
1970 [1571] Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana. Estudio preliminar de Miguel León-Portilla. Mexico City: Porrua.
Olmos, Fray Andrés de.
1993 [1547] Arte de la lengua mexicana concluido en el convento de San Andrés de Ueytlalpan, en la provincia de Totonacapan que es en la Nueva España, el 1 de enero de 1547, edition, introduction, transcription, and notes by Ascención and Miguel León-Portilla, 2 vols. Madrid: Ediciones de Cultura Hispánica, Intituto de Cooperación Iberoamericana.
Pittman, Richard S.
1954 A Grammar of Tetelcingo (Morelos) Nahuatl. Language 30, no. 1, pt. 2. Baltimore: Linguistic Society of the Americas.
Ramírez, Cleofas, and Karen Dakin.
1979 Vocabulario náhuatl de Xalitla, Guerrero. Mexico City: Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social.
Rincón, Antonio del.
1885 [1595] Arte mexicana compuesta por el padre Antonio del Rincón . . . en México en casa de Pedro Balli, 1595. Se reimprime en 1885 bajo el cuidado de Antonio de Peñafiel. Mexico City: Oficina Tipográfica de la Secretaría de Fomento. [Fxf Az743 +R47]
*Siméon, Rémi.
1977 Diccionario de la lengua náhuatl o mexicana. Mexico City: Siglo Veintiuno [PM4066 S518 1977].
Suarez, Jorge A.
1983 The Mesoamerican Indian Languages (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983), esp. 1—29.
*Sullivan, Thelma D.
1988 Thelma D. Sullivan's Compendium of Nahuatl Grammar. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press. [PM4063 S8713 1988]
Swann, Brian.
1992 On the Translation of Native American Literatures. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. [PM159 05X 1992]
Voegelin, C. F., F. M. Voegelin, and Kenneth Hale.
1962 Typological and Comparative Grammar of Uto-Aztecan: I (Phonology). Indiana University Publications in Anthropology and Linguistics, Memoir 17. Supplement to International Journal of American Linguistics vol. 28, no. 1.
Articles
*= required and in course packet
Abbot, Don Paul.
1987 "The Ancient Word: Rhetoric In Aztec Culture," Rhetorica (1987): 251—64.
Amith, Jonathan D.
*1988 "The Use of Directionals with Verbs in the Nahuatl of Ameyaltepec, Guerrero," in Smoke and Mist: Mesoamerican Studies in Memory of Thelma D. Sullivan, eds. J. Kathryn Josserand and Karen Dakin (Oxford: B.A.R.), 2:395—421.
*1998 "Review of An Analytic Dictionary of Nahuatl (Karttunen), Mesoamerca 36 (1998) (text will be given in English original)
*n.d. 1 "Nahuatl Diglossia and Textual Discourse: The Difference between the Spoken and Written Word," ms.
––––, and Thomas Smith-Stark.
1994 "Transitive Nouns and Split Possessive Paradigms in Central Guerrero." International Journal of American Linguistics 60, no. 4: 342--68.
Andrews, J. Richard,
1981 "Directionals in Classical Nahuatl," in Studies in Honor of Frenando Horcasitas. Texas Linguistic Forum, no. 18, ed. Frances Karttunen (Austin: University of Texas Press), 1—16.
Boas, Franz.
1917 "The Mexican Dialect of Pochutla, Oaxaca," International Journal of American Linguistics 1: 1—44.
Bright, William.
1990 "With One Lip, With Two Lips: Parallelism in Nahuatl," Language 66: 437—52.
Bartholomew, Doris.
1980 "Otomanguean influence on Pochutla Aztec," International Journal of American Linguistics 46: 106—16.
––––, and Earl Brockway.
1988 "Honorific Morphology in North Puebla Aztec," in Smoke and Mist: Mesoamerican Studies in Memory of Thelma D. Sullivan, eds. J. Kathryn Josserand and Karen Dakin (Oxford: B.A.R.), 2:449—460.
––––, and David Mason.
1980 "The Registration of Transitivity in the Guerrero Aztec Verb," International Journal of American Linguistics 46: 197—207.
Burkhart, Louise M.
1992 "The Amanuenses Have Appropriated the Text: Interpreting a Nahuatl Song of Santiago," in On the Translation of Native American Literatures, ed. Brian Swann (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press).
1996 "Indigenous Literature in Preconquest and Colonial Mesoamerica," in The Legacy of Mesoamerica: History and Culture of a Native American Civilization, eds. Robert M. Carmack, Janine Gasco, and Gary H. Gossen (Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall), 407—441.
Campbell, Lyle.
1979 "Middle American languages," in The Languages of Native America, eds. Lyle Campbell and Marianne Mithun (Austin: University of Texas Press), 902—1000.
––––, Terrence Kaufmann, and Thomas Smith-Stark.
1986 "Mesoamerica as a Linguistic Area," Language 62: 530—70.
Canger, Una
1981a "Ochpaniztla and Classical Nahuatl Syllable Structure." Esutdios de Cultura Náhuatl 14: 361—73.
*1981b "Reduplication in Nahuatl, in Dialectal and Historical Perspective." Studies in Honor of Fernando Horcasitas. Texas Linguistic Forum, vol. 18, ed. Frances Karttunen (Austin: University of Texas Press), 29--54
*1988 "Nahuatl Dialectology: a Survey and Some Suggestions." International Journal of American Linguistics 54: 28—72.
1990a "Review of An Analytical Dictionary of Nahuatl (Karttunen)." International Journal of American Linguistics 52 (1990): 188--96.
1990b "Philology in America. Nahuatl: What Loan Words and the Early Descriptions of Nahuatl Show About Stress, Vowel Length, and Glottal Stop in Sixteenth-Century Nahuatl and Spanish," in Historical Linguistics and Philology. Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs, 46 (Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter), 107—18.
1996 "Is There a Passive in Nahuatl?" Content, Expression, and Structure: Studies in Danish Functional Grammar. eds. Elisabeth Engberg-Pedersen et al. (Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Co.), 1—15.
Coe, Michael D., and Gordon Whittaker.
*1982 "Appendix 2: Dialect in The Treatise on Superstitions," in Aztec Sorcerers in Seventeenth-Century Mexico: The "Treatise on Superstitions" by Hernando Ruiz De Alarcón. Institute for Mesoamerican Studies, publication no. 7, ed., intro., trans., and appendixes by Michel D. Coe, and Gordon Whittaker (Albany: Institute for Mesoamerican Studies, State University of New York at Albany), 319--24
Dakin, Karen.
*1981 "The Characteristics of Nahuatl Lingua Franca," in Texas Linguistic Forum: Nahuatl Studies in Memory of Fernando Horcasitas. ed. Frances Karttunen, 55—67 (Austin: Department of Linguistics, University of Texas at Austin), 55—67.
1983 "Review of Five Studies Inspired by Nahuatl Verbs in -oa (Canger)," International Journal of American Linguistics , no. 49: 102—7.
Gingerich, Willard.
1988 "Chipahuacanemiliztli, ‘The Purified Life,’ in the Discourses of Book VI, Florentine Codex," in Smoke and Mist: Mesoamerican Studies in Memory of Thelma D. Sullivan, eds. J. Kathryn Josserand and Karen Dakin (Oxford: B.A.R.), 2:517—44.
1992 "Ten Types of Ambiguity in Nahuatl Poetry, or William Empson among the Aztecs," in On the Translation of Native American Literatures, ed. Brian Swann (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press).
Hanks, William F.
1986 "Authenticity and Ambivalence in the Text: a Colonial Maya Case." American Ethnologist 13: 721—44.
1988 "Grammar, Style, and meaning in a Maya Manuscript," International Journal of American Linguistics 43: 331—64.
1989 "Elements of Maya Style," in Word and Image in Maya Culture: Explorations in Language, Writing, and Representation. eds. William F. Hanks, and Don S. Rice (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press)
1996 "Language and Discourse in Colonial Yucatán," in Le Nouveau Monde, Mondes Nouveaux: L'Expérience Américaine. eds. Serge Gruzinski, and Nathan Wachtel (Paris: Editions de l'école des hautes études en sciences sociales), 235—69.
Hill, Jane H., and Kenneth C. Hill.
1977 "Language death and relexification in Tlaxcalan Nahuatl. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 12 (1977): 55—70.
1978 "Honorific Usage in Modern Nahuatl," Language 54, no. 1: 123--55.
Justeson, John S., and George A. Broadwell.
1996 "Language and Languages in Mesoamerica," in The Legacy of Mesoamerica: History and Culture of a Native American Civilization, eds. Robert M. Carmack, Janine Gasco, and Gary H. Gossen (Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall), 379—406.
Kaufman, Terence.
1991 "Middle American Languages," in Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th ed., vol. 22:785—92.
Klor de Alva, Jorge.
*1989 "Language, Politics, and Translation: Colonial Discourse and Classic Nahuatl in New Spain," in The Art of Translation: Voices from the Field, ed. Rosanna Warren (Boston: Northeastern University Press), 143—62.
Karttunen, Frances.
*1981 "Nahuatl Lexicography," in Texas Linguistic Forum: Nahuatl Studies in Memory of Fernando Horcasitas, ed. Frances Karttunen. Austin: Department of Linguistics, University of Texas at Austin, 105—18.
1982 "Nahuatl Literacy," in The Inca and Aztec States: 1400--1800. eds. G. A. Collier, R. Rosaldo, and J. D. Wirth. New York: Academic Press, 395—417.
1987 "A Reply," International Journal of American Linguistics, 53: 242—49.
*1988 "The Roots of Sixteenth-Century Mesoamerican Lexicography," in Smoke and Mist: Mesoamerican Studies in Memory of Thelma D. Sullivan, eds. J. Kathryn Josserand and Karen Dakin. Oxford: B.A.R., 2:545—59.
Lamb, Sydney M.
1964 "The classification of the Uto-Aztecan languages: a historical survey," University of California Publications in Linguistics 34: 106—25.
Lockhart, James.
*1991a "The Tulancingo Perspective: Some Documents from the UCLA Tulancingo Collection," in James Lockhart, Nahuas and Spaniards: Postconquest Central Mexican History and Philology (Stanford; Los Angeles: Stanford University Press; UCLA Latin American Center Publications), 88—104.
*1991b "A Language Transition in Eighteenth-Century Mexico: The Change from Nahuatl to Spanish Recordkeeping in the Valley of Toluca," in James Lockhart, Nahuas and Spaniards: Postconquest Central Mexican History and Philology (Stanford; Los Angeles: Stanford University Press; UCLA Latin American Center Publications, 1991), 105—21.
*1991c "Toward Assessing the Phoneticity of Older Nahuatl Texts: Analysis of a Document from the Valley of Toluca, Eighteenth Century," in James Lockhart, Nahuas and Spaniards: Postconquest Central Mexican History and Philology (Stanford; Los Angeles: Stanford University Press; UCLA Latin American Center Publications, 1991), 122—140.
Merlan, Francesca.
1976 "Noun Incorporation and Discourse Reference in Modern Nahuatl," International Journal of American Linguistics 42: 177—91.
Mignolo, Walter D.
1989 "Literacy and Colonization: the New World Experience." Hispanic Issue 4: 55—96.
*1992 "On the Colonialization of Amerindian Languages and Memories: Renaissance Theories of Writing and the Discontinuity of the Classical Tradition." Comparative Studies in Society and History 34: 301—30.
Miller, Wick R.
1984 "The classification of the Uto-Aztecan languages based on lexical evidence," International Journal of American Linguistics 50: 1—24.
Newman, Stanley.
1967 "Classical Nahuatl," in Handbook of Middle American Indians, vol. 5: Linguistics, ed. Norman A. McQuown (Austin: University of Texas Press), 179—99.
Pittman, Richard S.
1961 "The Phonemes of Tetelcingo (Morelos) Nahuatl," in A William C. Townsend, eds. Benjamin Elson and Juan Comas. Mexico City: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano.
Smith-Stark, Thomas.
n.d. "Rincón and Carochi: la tradición jesuítica de descripción del náhuatl," ms. for a special issue of Foro Hispánico on missionary linguistics being prepared by Otto Zwartjes.
Steele, Susan.
1979 "Uto-Aztecan: An Assessment for Historical and Comparative Linguistics," in The Languages of Native American: Historical and Comparative Assessment, eds. Lyle Campbell and Marianne Mithun (Austin: University of Texas Press), 444—544.
Sullivan, Thelma.
1974 "The Rhetorical Orations, or Huehuetlatolli, Collected by Sahagún," in Sixteenth-Century Mexico: The Work of Sahagún, ed. Munro S. Edmonson (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press), 79—109.
Tuggy, David.
1981 "Epenthesis of i in Classical and Tetelcingo Nahuatl: Evidence for Multiple Analyses." In Texas Linguistic Forum: Nahuatl Studies in Memory of Fernando Horcasitas. ed. Frances Karttunen. Austin: Department of Linguistics, University of Texas at Austin, 223—55.
1988 "Náhuatl Causative/Applicatives in Cognitive Grammar," in Topics in Cognitive Linguistics, ed. Brygida Rudzka-Ostyn (Amsterdam: John Benjamins), 587—618.
1990 "Noun incorporation in Nahuatl," Cognitive Linguistics: 455—71.
Whorf, Benjamin L., Lyle Campbell, and Frances Karttunen.
1937 "The Origin of Aztec tl" American Anthropologist 39: 265—74.
1993 "Pitch Tone and the 'Saltillo' in Modern and Ancient Nahuatl," International Journal of American Linguistics 59: 165—224.