Publications


Electronic versions of these papers are provided as a professional courtesy to ensure timely dissemination of academic work for individual, noncommercial purposes. Copyright and all rights therein resides with the respective copyright holders, as stated within each paper. These files may not be reposted without permission.



    Peer- Reviewed Articles


  1. •Lakshminarayanan, V. & Santos, L. R. (2009). Cognitive preconditions for responses to fairness: An object retrieval task in capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella). Journal of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Economics. In press. [Download]


  1. •Mahajan, N., Barnes, J. L., Blanco, M., & Santos, L. R. (2009). Enumeration of objects and substances in non-human primates: Experiments with brown lemurs (Eulemur fulvus). Developmental Science. In press. [Download]


  1. •Phillips, W., Barnes, J. L., Mahajan, N., Yamaguchi, M. & Santos, L. R. (2009). ‘Unwilling’ versus unable’: Capuchins’ (Cebus apella) Understanding of human intentional action? Developmental Science, In press. [Download]


  1. •Shutts, K., Condry, K. F., Santos, L. R., & Spelke, E. S. (2009). Core knowledge and its limits: The domain of food. Cognition. In press. [Download]


  1. •Barnes, J. L., Martinez, M., Langer, M., Hill, T., & Santos, L. R. (2008). Helping behaviour and regard for others in capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella): An evolutionary perspective on altruism. Biology Letters, 4(6). 638-40. [Download]


  1. •Lakshminarayanan, V. & Santos, L. R. (2008). Capuchin monkeys are sensitive to others’ welfare. Current Biology, 18. R999-R1000. [Download]


  1. •Lakshminaryanan, V., Chen, M. K., & Santos, L. R. (2008). Endowment effect in capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 363. 3837-3844. [Download]


  1. •Egan, L., Santos, L. R., & Bloom, P. (2007). The origins of cognitive dissonance: Evidence from children and monkeys. Psychological Science, 18. 978-983. [Download]


  1. •Phillips, W. & Santos, L. R. (2007). Evidence for kind representations in the absence of language: Experiments with rhesus monkeys  (Macaca mulatta). Cognition, 102. 455-463.. [Download]


  1. •van Marle, K., Aw, J., McCrink, K., & Santos, L. R. (2006). How monkeys (Cebus apella) enumerate objects and substances.  Journal of Comparative Psychology, 120(4). 416-426. [Download]


  1. •Chen, M. K., Lakshminaryanan, V. & Santos, L. R. (2006). The evolution of our preferences: Evidence from capuchin monkey trading behavior. Journal of Political Economy, 114(3). 517-537. [Download]


  1. •Cheries, E. W., Newman, G. E., Santos, L. R., & Scholl, B. J.  (2006). Units of visual individuation in rhesus macaques: Objects or unbound features? Perception, 35(8), 1057–1071. [Download]


  1. •Santos, L. R., Nissen, A. G. & Ferrugia, J. (2006). Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) know what others can and cannot hear. Animal Behaviour, 71(5). 1175-1181. [Download]


  1. •Santos, L. R., Pearson, H. M., Spaepen, G. M., Tsao, F., and Hauser, M. D. (2006). Probing the limits of tool competence: Experiments with two non-tool-using species (Cercopithecus aethiops and Saguinus oedipus). Animal Cognition, 9(2). 94-109. [Download]


  1. •Santos, L. R., Seelig, D., & Hauser, M. D. (2006). Cotton-top tamarins’ (Saguinus oedipus) expectations about occluded objects: A dissociation between looking and reaching tasks. Infancy, 9(2). 147-171. [Download]


  1. •Flombaum, J. I., and Santos, L. R. (2005). Rhesus monkeys attribute perceptions to others. Current Biology, 15. 447–452. [Download]


  1. •Santos, L. R., Barnes, J., & Mahajan, N. (2005). Expectations about numerical events in four lemur species (Eulemur fulvus, Eulemur mongoz, Lemur catta and Varecia rubra). Animal Cognition, 8. 253-262. [Download]


  1. •Santos, L. R., Mahajan, N., & Barnes, J. (2005). How prosimian primates represent tools: Experiments with two lemur species (Eulemur fulvus and Lemur catta).  Journal of Comparative Psychology, 119, 394-403. [Download]


  1. •Santos, L. R., Rosati, A., Sproul, C., Spaulding, B., & Hauser, M. D. (2005). Means-means-end tool choice in cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus): Finding the limits on primates’ knowledge of tools. Animal Cognition, 8. 236-246. [Download]


  1. •Flombaum, J. I., Kundey, S. M., Santos, L. R., and Scholl, B. J. (2004). Dynamic object individuation in rhesus macaques: A study of the tunnel effect. Psychological Science, 15. 795-800. [Download]


  1. •Ghazanfar, A. A. & Santos, L. R. (2004). Primate brains in the wild: The sensory bases for social interactions. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 5. 603-616. [Download]


  1. •Santos, L. R. (2004). 'Core knowledges': A dissociation between spatiotemporal knowledge and contact-mechanics in a non-human primate? Developmental Science, 7. 167-174. [Download]


  1. •Santos, L. R., Miller, C. T., & Hauser, M.D. (2003). Representing tools: how two non-human primate species distinguish between the functionally relevant and irrelevant features of a tool. Animal Cognition, 6. 269-281. [Download]


  1. •Hauser, M. D., Santos, L. R., Spaepen, G. M., & Pearson, H. E. (2002). Problem solving, inhibition, and domain-specific experience: Experiments on cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus). Animal Behaviour, 64. 387-396. [Download]


  1. •Santos, L. R. & Hauser, M. D. (2002). A non-human primate’s understanding of solidity: Dissociations between seeing and acting. Developmental Science, 5. F1-F7. [Download]


  1. •Santos, L. R., Hauser, M. D., & Spelke, E. S. (2002). The representation of different domains of knowledge in human and non-human primates: Artifactual and food kinds. In M. Bekoff, C. Allen, & G. Burghardt (Eds.) The Cognitive Animal. Cambridge: MIT Press. 205-215. [Download coming soon]


  1. •Santos, L. R., Sulkowski, G. M., Spaepen, G. M., & Hauser, M. D. (2002). Object individuation using property/kind information in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).  Cognition, 83. 241-264. [Download]


  1. •Santos, L. R., Hauser, M. D., & Spelke, E. S. (2001). Recognition and categorization of biologically significant objects by rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): The domain of food. Cognition, 82. 127-155. [Download]


  1. •deIpolyi, A., Santos, L. R., & Hauser, M. D. (2001). The role of landmarks in cotton-top tamarin spatial foraging: Evidence for geometric and non-geometric features. Animal Cognition, 4. 99-108. [Download]


  1. •Munakata, Y., Santos, L. R., Spelke, E. S., Hauser, M. D & O'Reilly, R. C. (2001). Visual representation in the wild: How rhesus monkeys parse objects. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 13. 44-58. [Download]


  1. •Hood, B. M., Santos, L., & Fieselman, S. (2000). Two-year-olds’ naive predictions for horizontal trajectories. Developmental Science, 3. 328-332. [Download]


  1. •Hood, B. M., Hauser, M. D., Anderson, L., & Santos, L. R. (1999). Gravity biases in a non-human primate. Developmental Science, 2. 35-41. [Download]


  1. •Santos, L. R., Ericson, B., & Hauser, M. D. (1999). Constraints on problem solving and inhibition: object retrieval in cotton-top tamarins. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 113. 186-193. [Download]


  1. •Santos, L. R. & Hauser, M. D. (1999). How monkeys see the eyes: Cotton-top tamarins’ reaction to changes in visual attention and action.  Animal Cognition, 2. 131-139. [Download]




    Book Chapters, Commentaries, and Literature Reviews


  1. •Santos, L. R. & Hughes, K. (2009). Economic cognition in human and animals: The search for core mechanisms. Current Opinion in Neurobiology: Special Issue: Cognitive Neuroscience. In press.


  1. •Lakshminarayanan, V. & Santos, L. R. (2009). Trade, equity and the origins of economic systems. In P. Kappeler, & J. Silk (Eds.) Mind the Gap: Tracing the Origins of Human Universals. In press.


  1. •Rosati, A., Hare, B. A. & Santos, L. R. (2009). Primate social cognition: Thirty years after Premack and Woodruff. In M. Platt & A. A. Ghazanfar (Eds.) Primate Neuroethology. Cambridge: MIT Press. In press.


  1. •Flombaum, J. I., Scholl, B. J. & Santos, L. R. (2009). Spatiotemporal priority: the engine that drives object persistence. In B. M. Hood & L. R. Santos (Ed.) The Origins of Object Knowledge: The Yale Symposium on the Origins of Object & Number Representation. Oxford: Oxford University Press. In press. [Download]


  1. •Santos, L. R. & Hood, B. M. (2009). Object representation as a central issue in cognitive science. In B. M. Hood & L. R. Santos (Ed.) The Origins of Object Knowledge: The Yale Symposium on the Origins of Object & Number Representation. Oxford: Oxford University Press. In press. [Download]


•Santos, L. R. & Chen, M. K. (2009). The evolution of rational and irrational economic behavior: Evidence and insight from a non-human primate species. In P. Glimcher, C. F. Camerer, E. Fehr, & R. A. Poldrack (Eds.) Neuroeconomics: Decision-Making and the Brain. London: Elsevier. 81-94. [Download]


•Santos, L. R. & Lakshminarayanan (2008). Innate constraints on judgment and decision-making?: Insights from children and non-human primates. In P. Carruthers, S. Laurence, & S. Stich (Ed.) The Innate Mind: Foundations and The Future. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 293-310. [Download]


•Santos, L. R. (2008). The evolution of irrationality: Insights from non-human primates. T. Gendler and J. Hawthorne (Eds.) Oxford Studies in Epistemology, Volume 2. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 87-107. [Download]


•Hauser, M. D. & Santos, L. R. (2007). The evolutionary ancestry of our knowledge of tools: From percepts to concepts. In E. Margolis & S. Laurence (Eds.) Creations of the Mind: Theories of Artifacts and Their Representation. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 267-288. [Download]


•Chen, M. K. & Santos, L. R. (2006). Some thoughts on the adaptive function of inequity aversion: An alternative to Brosnan’s social hypothesis. Social Justice Research, 19(2). 201-207.


•Lyons, D. E. & Santos, L. R. (2006). Ecology, domain specificity, and the evolution of theory of mind: Is competition the catalyst? Philosophy Compass. In press (published online Aug 2006).


•Lyons, D. E., Santos, L. R., & Keil, F. C. (2006). Reflections of other minds: How primate social cognition can inform the function of mirror neurons. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 16(2). 203-234.


  1. •Santos, L. R., Flombaum, J. I. & Phillips, W. (2006). The evolution of human mind reading. In S. Platek (Ed.) Evolutionary Cognitive Neuroscience. Cambridge: MIT Press. 433-456. [Download]


  1. •Chen, M. K. & Santos, L. R. (2006). Some thoughts on the adaptive function of inequity aversion: An alternative to Brosnan’s social hypothesis. Social Justice Research, 19(2). 201-207. [Download]


  1. •Lyons, D. E. & Santos, L. R. (2006). Ecology, domain specificity, and the evolution of theory of mind: Is competition the catalyst? Philosophy Compass, 1. 481-492. [Download]


  1. •Lyons, D. E., Santos, L. R., & Keil, F. C. (2006). Reflections of other minds: How primate social cognition can inform the function of mirror neurons. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 16(2). 203-234. [Download]


  1. •Weiss, D. J. & Santos, L. R.  (2006). Why primates? The importance of nonhuman primates for understanding human infancy. Infancy, 9(2), 133-146. [Download]


  1. •Lyons, D. E., Phillips, W. & Santos, L. R. (2005). Motivation is not enough: A commentary on Tomasello et al.,’s “Understanding and sharing intentions: The origins of cultural cognition.  Behavioural and Brain Sciences, 28(5). 708. [Download]


  1. •Santos, L. R. (2005). Theory of mind. In N. J. Salkind (Ed.) The Encyclopedia of Human Development. [Download]


  1. •Santos, L. R. (2005). Primate cognition: Putting two and two together. Commentary on Jordan et al. Current Biology, 15, R545-R547. [Download]


  1. •Santos, L. R. (2005). Tool-Use. In M. Bekoff (Ed.) The Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior, Volume 3. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group. 1065-1067. [Download]


  1. •Santos, L. R. (2005). Theory of mind. In M. Bekoff (Ed.) The Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior, Volume 1. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group. 327-328. [Download]


  1. •Flombaum, J. I., Santos, L. R., & Hauser, M. D. (2002). Neuroecology and psychological modularity.  Trends in Cognitive Science, 6. 106-108. [Download]


  1. •Ghazanfar, A. A. & Santos, L. R. (2002). Primates as auditory specialists. In A. Ghazanfar (Ed.) Primate Auditon: Ethology and Neurobiology. Boca Raton: CRC Press. 1-12. [Download]


  1. •Santos, L. R. & Caramazza, A. (2002). The domain-specific hypothesis: A developmental and comparative perspective on category-specific deficits.  In G. Humphreys & E. Forde (Eds.) Category-Specificity in Brain and Mind. New York: Psychology Press. 1-23.