2002-2003 Fox International Fellows Outgoing from Yale University To the Free University, Berlin Christine Brouwer Max Kade Scholar B.A., Graduating Senior, History Project Title: "Dutch Collaborationism from a German Perspective during the Occupation of the Netherlands in WWII" Focusing on the issue of collaboration in the Netherlands during the Second World War, Ms. Brouwer hopes to explain the mystery of the existence of collaborators in a generally tolerant culture. How could the Dutch nation as a whole have slipped into a wartime position of passivity and collaboration that precluded massive public protest, in spite of its long history of tolerance and its propensity for individual resistance? Ms. Brouwer believes that her study will contribute to the broad area of European history, which is particularly important during this era of increasing European integration and the continued importance of Germany's economic and cultural relationship with other European nations. Future Plans: Ms. Brouwer intends to enroll in graduate school and study history. Olivia Wang Max Kade Scholar B.A., Graduating Senior, Political Science Project Title: "The Politics of Violence: The Relationship between the German Communists and the National Socialists during the Weimar Republic" Ms. Wang proposes to examine the structure and dynamic of the relationship between the two worker parties of Weimar Germany, the Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (KPD) and the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP). Her work will concentrate on the use of violent tactics by both parties during the latter phase of the Weimar Republic and the corresponding effects on democratic governance in Weimar Germany. She hopes her work will contribute to the field of International Relations by offering a new perspective on the rationale behind politically motivated acts of violence. Future Plans: Ms. Wang will pursue a joint degree in International Relations and International Law. To Sidney Sussex College of Cambridge University, England Michael Gottesman B.A., Graduating Senior, History Project Title: "The Evolution of Winston Churchill's Attitude Toward Nuclear Weapons" Mr. Gottesman will study the cases that led to the evolution of Winston Churchill's attitude toward nuclear weapons between 1945 and 1954. While he had initially welcomed the diplomatic and strategic leverage brought on by the advent of the atomic bomb, by the end of his political career Churchill began to warn of the catastrophic danger nuclear weapons posed. At Cambridge University, Mr. Gottesman looks forward to researching, among others, the Churchill Archives Center. He hopes to turn his research project into a chapter in a book or an essay in a journal. Future Plans: Mr. Gottesman hopes to join the U.S. Foreign Service for a few years and then proceed on to law school or a Ph.D. program in History or Political Science. His ultimate goal is to serve in a high-level foreign policy-making position in the U.S. government. Aakanksha Pande B.A., Graduating Senior, International Studies and Molecular Biology Project Title: "Isolating the Country Specific Conditions That Influence Infant Mortality" Ms. Pande's project identifies country specific factors that significantly influence infant mortality rates. Her aim is to create a comprehensive statistical model that will better explain infant mortality rates as a function of local political and environmental conditions. She hopes her model will help policy makers create better policies which will ultimately help to reduce infant mortality and contribute to a healthier and more stable world. At Cambridge Ms. Pande hopes to make use of its internationally renowned biostatistics facility, the Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit of the Institute for Public Health. She also hopes to sit in on courses at Cambridge's Center for Applied Medical Statistics. Future Plans: Ms. Pande plans on pursuing a profession in international public health policy. To El Colegio de Mexico, Mexico Maria Salazkina Ph.D., Slavic Studies, 5th Year Project Title: "Soviet-Mexican Cultural Relations in the 1920's - 30's" Ms. Salazkina's dissertation addresses the cultural history of Mexico and the Soviet Union in the 1920's - 1930's. She will examine how the emerging post-revolutionary culture of the two countries was mutually re-defined through contacts between Mexican and Soviet artists, intellectuals, and political and public figures, focusing on how they negotiated the tension between continuity and rupture as two conflicting modes of narrative representations of history, and the tension between nationalism and Marxist ideology. With her work Ms. Salazkina hopes to demonstrate the trans-national and global nature of modern cultural and social life in such distant geographical locations as Mexico and Russia, permeated with similar concerns, affected by shared economic processes and political events, and often influenced by common ideological sources. Future Plans: Ms. Salazkina hopes to become a university professor to Moscow State University To Moscow State University, Russia Matthew Light Ph.D., 3rd Year, Political Science Project Title: "Russian Federalism and Russian Identity in an Environment of Globalization" Mr. Light's project explores the consequences of the breakdown of Russia's isolation for the viability and structure of the Russian Federation and the political identity of its citizens. He hopes to answer the question of how Russia's involvement in the global economy has affected the viability and structure of the Russian Federation, and how the same causal factors influence the formation of a Russian national identity. Mr. Light hopes to show that Russia's full participation in the global economy and the accompanying increased pressures on the federal system are increasing the saliency of sub-national political identities. At Moscow State University, Mr. Light plans to engage in library research and interview political elites. He also hopes to visit the Moscow Carnegie Center and the Program on New Approaches to Russian Security. Future Plans: Mr. Light will seek a university post in political science, with a specialization in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. To the Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris (Sciences Po), France Lucien Lefcourt B.A., Graduating Senior, History Project Title: "A Constitutional Convention in Europe: An Exercise in Contemporary History" Focusing on the Convention on the Future of Europe, Mr. Lefcourt will seek to understand which powers are best managed at the national level and which powers are best managed at the supra-national level. Through his project, Mr. Lefcourt hopes to get a better understanding of European politics and the inner working of supranational organizations. At Sciences Po, Mr. Lefcourt hopes to consult with several faculty members who are experts on the integration of Europe. Future Plans: Mr. Lefcourt wishes to pursue a career in international diplomacy, either with the State Department or with an international organization such as the United Nations. To the Fudan University, Shanghai Allie Yang B.A., Graduating Senior, Ethics, Politics and Economics Project Title: "The Role of Women's Groups in the Development of Chinese Civil Society" Ms. Yang will investigate the role women's groups have played in the development of civil society in China. How and why have modern Chinese women's groups come to play a leading role in shaping China's civil society? She hopes that her project will lead to a better understanding of the development of civil society in China, which will, in turn, help us better envisage China's future development and identify the country's place in the world. At Fudan University, Ms. Yang hopes to consult with its first-rate faculty and use its many library resources. She will also visit the Shanghai City and National archives and avail herself of local publications and Chinese government documents that are not available outside of the country. Future Plans: Ms. Yang plans to study law and international relations further with the aim of working as an international lawyer specializing in East Asia. To the University of Tokyo, Graduate School George Lai B.A., Graduating Senior, Political Science Project Title: "Japan's High-Tech Industrial Policy" Mr. Lai's project explores how a country's high-tech industry affects its economic and political relations with other countries. By analyzing the various efforts undertaken by the Japanese government, Mr. Lai hopes his research will prove a model for other emerging countries in the international arena. While at The University of Tokyo, Mr. Lai hopes to conduct library research but also to interview government officials, company employees, and individuals from a variety of fields. Future Plans: Mr. Lai plans to pursue a career in international law with a focus on international commercial and trade law. 2002-2003 Fox International Fellows Incoming to Yale University From Free University, Berlin Stormy-Annika Mildner Max Kade Scholar Ph.D., 2nd Year, Economics Project Title: "Export Credit Insurance in Germany and the U.S.: A Normative and Positive Analysis" Ms. Mildner will be examining and evaluating the procedures and practices of national export credit insurance and international regulatory instruments. She hopes to understand the national subsidy system and to develop ideas on how to prevent the misuse of these systems and an increasing level of subsidies world-wide. Ms. Mildner currently works as an international economics relations specialist at the German Council on Foreign Relations. Her work focuses on international trade and financial relations as well as on the latest developments at the WTO and the IMF. At Yale she anticipates using the libraries, consulting with academic experts and increasing her knowledge of the U.S. political, economic, social and cultural system. She also plans on travelling to Washington D.C. to carry out research at the Library of Congress and to conduct interviews at the Export-Import Bank and the U.S. Congress. Future Plans: Ms. Mildner hopes to work for the World Bank or the World Trade Organization. Jan Schulte Max Kade Scholar Ph.D., 2nd Year, Economics Project Title: "Equivalence Scales and International Comparison of Family Welfare" Mr. Schulte will explore the evaluation and international comparison of welfare levels of individuals and families. The problem is a particularly timely one with the increasing harmonization of social policies across Europe. Mr. Schulte's project is motivated by dissatisfaction with the modified OECD scale that is used throughout the world. He hopes to develop a more satisfying methodology for making international comparisons of family economic welfare. At Yale, he hopes to consult with faculty in the Economics Department and to participate in several workshops. He will also plan to use the resources of the Yale University library and the Economic Growth Center. Future Plans: Mr. Schulte intends to work as an economist on international social policy, preferably for the German government. From El Colegio de Mexico, Mexico Raymundo Miguel Campos-Vazquez Master's Degree, Economics, Graduating Project Title: "Impact of Fiscal Reform in Mexico: A Simulation of an Indirect Tax Reform" Mr. Campos' project analyzes the effects of fiscal reform in Mexico. He will use the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) econometric model to simulate an indirect tax reform and observe its effects on the expenditure and welfare of households and on government revenues. The project's ultimate aim is to develop software that could be used to analyze the consequences of any indirect tax reform. The software could be used by policy makers not only in Mexico, but also in countries with similar economic and political conditions. Future Plans: Mr. Campos would like to enter an Economics Ph.D. program in the U.S., preferably at Yale University. He plans to become an academic, focusing on Mexico's economic development. He hopes that his research will have an impact in the public sector. Carlos David Lozano B.A., Public Administration, Graduating Senior Project Title: "History of the Idea of Democracy in XXth Century Mexico" Mr. Lozano aims to study the meaning of the concept of 'democracy' in the political discourse of twentieth century Mexico. In particular, he seeks to study the place, the importance, and the sense that was given to democracy during the formative period of the post-revolutionary political system between 1920 and 1940 and compare it with that of the present period of 1980 to 2000. Future Plans: Mr. Lozano hopes to become a university professor. Alexandra Delano B.A., International Relations, Graduating Senior Project Title: "Bilateral Cooperation Between Mexico and the U.S.: The Case of Migration" Ms. Delano's project will focus on Mexican immigration to the United States in the context of NAFTA. Concentrating on the absence of a formal agreement regarding the status of migrant workers, she will analyze its causes and consequences, and propose solutions for both countries. Future Plans: Ms. Delano hopes to become an academic that focuses on US-Mexican relations. Through her research, and working directly with government agencies, she intends to participate in the development of Mexican foreign policy, specifically in the area of migration. From Sidney Sussex College of Cambridge University, England David J. Milne Ph.D., 2nd Year, History Project Title: "Walt Rostow and the Shaping of U. S. Foreign Policy, 1961 – 1968" Mr. Milne’s research will appraise the influence of advisor Walt Rostow on the foreign policy of the United States under presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson. His thesis contends that Rostow played an underrated role as a key architect of American foreign policy during the 1960s, setting the intellectual foundation for the Kennedy and Johnson administrations in this respect. He will focus on the Johnson presidency when Rostow exercised profound influence over the conduct of the Vietnam War. At Yale, Mr. Milne will examine the papers of Rostow contemporaries Dean Acheson, Walter Lippman, and Cyrus Vance housed in the University libraries. Future Plans: Upon completion of his doctoral studies at Cambridge, Mr. Milne plans to pusue an academic career. Jan Martin Ruger Ph.D., History Project Title: "The Naval Spectacle, Britain, Germany, and the Celebration of the Fleet" Mr. Ruger is studying the fundamental change that occurred in the relationship between Britain and Germany in the decades before the First World War. The two countries had gone from natural allies and 'cousins' to rivals. The project will focus on one particularly powerful phenomenon of the Anglo-German antagonism, that of the naval spectacle. Mr. Ruger hopes that his research will contribute to a better understanding of current debates about Britain's and Germany's role in Europe. From Moscow State University, Russia Igor Grigorash Ph.D., 3rd Year, History Project Title: "Evolution of the Mechanism of American Foreign Policy Formation: 1937-1949" American foreign policy as we know it developed in the crucible of World War II and the immediate post-war period corresponding to the presidential administrations of Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman. Mr. Grigorash will examine the evolution of the mechanism which drove this process using both American and Russian methods of analysis. His work will be guided by the theory of "organizational process" described by Herbert Simon in his influential works on administrative behavior. In the course of his study, Mr. Grigorash plans to consult a wide range of primary and secondary sources of information for the Roosevelt and Truman years. Future Plans: Mr. Grigorash plans a career in the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Irina Vavochkina Ph.D., 3rd Year, History Project Title: "Lobbying Activities: Data of Congressional Investigations (1913-1950)" Ms. Vavochkina will research the American experience in lobbying regulation. She hopes that the U.S. model of rights and responsibilities of lobbying organizations will be useful for the Russian Federation where legislative work on this problem is still in progress. At Yale, she plans to consult with the faculty of the History department and search various archives and libraries. She also hopes to contact lobbyists to better understand the essence of their work and to get a better sense of their place in the U.S. political system. Future Plans: Ms. Vavochkina hopes to become a university professor. From the Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris (Sciences Po), France Thornike Gordadze Ph.D., 3rd Year, Comparative Studies Project Title: "State Formation in Post-Soviet Caucasus: New Forms of Regulatory Authorities and Citizenship: A Comparative Analysis" Mr. Gordadze's research project seeks to clarify processes issuing from the formation and transformation of state power in Soviet successor states since their independence. He hopes that his research approach and analytical categories will be applicable to other countries facing similar conditions. While at Yale, he plans to consult with numerous faculty members, and involve himself closely with several initiatives at YCIAS and the work of the Council on European Studies. Future Plans: Mr. Gordadze plans on pursuing an academic career. Marion Marmorat Ph.D., International Relations Project Title: "International Relations Micro-Sociology Study of Cooperation Experiments in the Danubian Basin" Ms. Marmorat's project looks at the rising powers of regions in Europe in comparison [as opposed to discrete nation-states]. As this process unfolds, an array of new entities are participating in spheres of influence such as foreign relationships once viewed as the sole province of the state. Networks of people with common interests which form across borders may challenge national policies and thereby, the concept of state sovereignty. Ms. Marmorat chose to study this phenomenon in lands along the Danube owing to the rich history of the river and it strategic importance to the Allied forces during the twentieth century; also because it affords a fresh perspective on these countries outside their usual classification as more or less successful former members of the Soviet bloc. At Yale, Ms. Marmorat will consult with American and Eastern European specialists in her field. From Fudan University, Shanghai Hanyin Lu Ph.D., 3rd Year, World Economy Department Project Title: "Studies on the World Economic Structure Transformation in the Dawn of the New Century" Ms. Lu will explore the world economic structural transformation over the last decade. Analyzing the world economic structural transformation from the dimensions of time, space and the international division of labor, she will focus on the problem of uneven growth and globalization. She hopes her project will lend insight to the ongoing economic reforms in China. Future Plans: Ms. Hanyin will pursue a career in academic research. She hopes to participate in public service and serve as a government consultant with the aim of influencing the economic policies that will help China better navigate the process of economic transformation. Huimin Tang Master of Law, 2nd Year Project Title: "The Efficiency and Fairness of the Case Law System in China's Civil Procedure: Possible Solution" Ms. Tang will concentrate on the legal reforms that have been ongoing in China over the last two decades. Because the case law systems of China and U.S.A. are similar on some levels, Ms. Tang will compare the Chinese and the U.S. system in the hopes of finding solutions which will help make China's case law system more fair and efficient. By helping to improve the Chinese legal system Ms. Tang hopes to contribute to a more peaceful world. At Yale, Ms. Tang plans to carry out library research and gather as many primary sources on U.S. foreign policy in the 1950's as possible. She also hopes to consult with Professor John Gaddis and to become involved in the work of the Council on East Asian Studies and International Security Studies. Ms. Tang is particularly excited about the prospect of being involved with the work of the China Law Center at Yale. Future Plans: Ms. Tang hopes to become an international lawyer. From the University of Tokyo, Graduate School Minsoo Kim Ph.D., 1st Year, Area Studies Project Title: "Korean-U.S.-Japan Relations After World War II" Ms. Minsoo will analyze U.S. policy toward East Asia and the relationship between Korea, the United States and Japan after World War II. With her research, Ms. Minsoo hopes to explain why regionalism is not very developed in Asia and why the U.S. has such a great influence on Asian countries. She hopes that her research will contribute to a better understanding of American postwar history and to improved relations among the United States and East Asia, in general. Future Plans: Ms. Minsoo hopes to obtain a university teaching post and focus on teaching contemporary history of U.S.-East Asia relations. Hiroko Ogawa Ph.D., 4th Year, Department of Advanced Social & International Studies Project Title: "The Change in the U.S. Foreign Aid for Development Policy in the First Half of the 1970's" Ms. Ogawa's project stems from the belief that international development cooperation can be encouraged only after we achieve an understanding of the contents of, the means for and the significance of international development. She will examine U.S. foreign aid policy and the policy debates on the subject. Ms. Ogawa believes that a better understanding of U.S. policy toward foreign aid will provide important insights into the future of international development. She hopes to advance the argument about 'interest' in international society and contribute to the steady and irreversible development of international development cooperation. At Yale, Ms. Ogawa plans to consult with various faculty, attend lectures and carry out library research. She also hopes to travel to Nixon's Presidential Library, the Ford Presidential Library, NARA, the Congressional Library and the USAID library. Future Plans: Ms. Ogawa hopes to contribute to the academic study of international cooperation in the field of development.