The Avalon Project at Yale Law School

Treaties with The Barbary Powers : 1786-1836


Treaties Statutes Resolutions
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The Barbary Treaties

The Barbary Treaties - An Introduction by Hunter Miller

The first diplomatic mention of the Barbary Powers is found in Article 8 of the Treaty of Amity and Commerce with France in 1778



Treaty with Morocco June 28 and July 15, 1786

  • Text of the Treaty
  • Translation of the Additional Article
  • Ship-Signals Agreement
  • The English Translation of 1786
  • Hunter Miller's Notes
  • The Original Documents
  • Note Regarding the Ratification
  • Note Regarding Promulgation
  • The Later Confirmation


    • Treaty with Algeria September 5, 1795

  • Text of the Treaty
  • Translation of 1930
  • Hunter Miller's Notes
  • The Original Treaty
  • Other Originals
  • Note Regarding the Ratification
  • The Passports


    • Treaty with Tripoli November 4, 1796 and at Algiers January 3, 1797

  • Text of the Treaty
  • The Receipt
  • The Note
  • The Approval of Humphreys
  • The Annotated Translation of 1930
  • Translation of the Treaty
  • Translation of the Receipt
  • Translation of the Note
  • Account of the Seals
  • Hunter Miller's Notes
  • The Original Treaty
  • The Cathcart Copy
  • The Italian Translation
  • The United States Ratification and Proclamation
  • Note Regarding the Arabic Text
  • Note Regarding the Barlow Translation


    • Treaty with Tunis August 28, 1797

  • Truce of June 17, 1796
  • Text of the Treaty
  • Senate Resolution
  • Hunter Miller's Notes
  • The Alterations
  • The Negotiations of 1799
  • The Original Documents
  • Note Regarding Ratification
  • Note Regarding Promulgation
  • Note Regarding the Text Printed
  • Note Regarding Articles 11, 12 and 14
  • Note Regarding Article 14
  • The Earlier Truce


    • Treaty with Tripoli June 4 1805

  • Convention of February 23, 1805
  • Text of the Treaty
  • The Receipt
  • The Lear Declaration of June 5, 1805
  • The Arabic Text
  • Hunter Miller's Notes
  • The Original Documents
  • The File Papers
  • The Ratification
  • The Proclamation
  • Note Regarding Article 3
  • The Lear Declaration


    • Treaty with Algieria June 30 And July 3, 1815

  • Text of the Treaty
  • Hunter Miller's Notes
  • The Source Text
  • Note Regarding Ratification
  • Note Regarding the Proclamation


    • Treaty with Algieria December 22 and 23, 1816

  • Text of the Treaty
  • Article Additional and Explanatory
  • English Translation of the Turkish
  • Hunter Miller's Notes
  • Note Regarding Ratification
  • Note Regarding Proclamation
  • Note Regarding Another Original


    • Treaty with Tunis February 24, 1824

  • Text of the Treaty
  • Hunter Miller's Notes
  • The Language
  • The Source Text
  • The Ratification
  • The Proclamation
  • The Alterations


    • Treaty with Morocco September 16, 1836

  • Text of the Treaty
  • Hunter Miller's Notes
  • The Negotiations
  • The File Papers
  • Ratification and Proclamation
  • The Arabic Text

    • United States Statutes


  • An Act Making an Appropriation for Defraying the Expenses Which May Arise in Carrying Into Effect the Treaty Made Between the United States and the Dey and Regency of Algiers.


  • An Act Authorizing the President of the United States to Apply a Further Sum to the Expense of Negotiations with the Dey and Regency at Algiers.


  • An Act for the Protection of the Commerce and Seamen of the United States, Against the Tripolitan Cruisers.


  • An Act Fixing the Compensation of Public Ministers, and of Consuls Residing on the Coast of Barbary, and for Other Purposes : May 1, 1810


  • An Act Making Compensation to John Eugene Leitensdorfer for Services Rendered the United States in the War with Tripoli : February 13, 1811.


    • Congressional Resolutions


  • RESOLUTIONS, Expressing the Sense of Congress on the Gallant conduct of Lieut. Sterret, the Officers and Crew of the United States Schooner Enterprize.


  • RESOLUTION Expressive of the Sense of Congress of the Gallant Conduct of Captain Stephen Decatur, the Officers and Crew of the United States Ketch Intrepid, in Attacking in the Harbor of Tripoli, and Destroying, a Tripolitan Frigate of Forty-four Guns.


  • Resolutions Expressive of the Sense of Congress of the Gallant Conduct of Commodore Edward Preble, the Officers, Seamen and Marines of His Squadron.


  • Resolution Concerning the Danish Consul at Tripoli : April 10, 1806

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