eHRAF Archaeology online

Traditions Covered

Access to the archaeological traditions in the online eHRAF Archaeology database http://ehrafarchaeology-beta.its.yale.edu requires membership (or temporary password).  Contact hraf@yale.edu for access to eHRAF Archaeology.

Region Subregion Tradition Name From BP To BP Subsistence Type
Africa Northern Africa Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene Maghreb 20000 7500 foragers
    Middle Paleolithic Egypt 230000 45000 foragers
    Late Paleolithic Egypt 45000 7000 foragers
    Upper Egypt Predynastic 7000 5000 intensive agriculturalists
    Lower Egypt Predynastic 7000 5000 intensive agriculturalists
    Early Dynastic Egypt 5000 4575 intensive agriculturalists
    Protohistoric Egypt 4575 3552 intensive agriculturalists
    Khartoum Neolithic 5700 3550 other subsistence types
  Southern Africa Wilton 10000 2000 foragers
  Western Africa West African Iron Age 2500 1200 other subsistence types
Asia Central Asia Eastern Central Asia Neolithic and Bronze Age 6000 1500 agro-pastoralists
    Scythian-Sarmatian 4000 1700 pastoralists
    Early Nomad 2800 2300 pastoralists
  East Asia Dawenkou 7000 5000 horticulturalists
    Yayoi 2500 1500 intensive agriculturalists
    Southeast China Early Neolithic 9000 5500 primarily foragers
  North Asia Tarya Neolithic 4000 2500 foragers
  South Asia Indus Neolithic 7000 5000 foragers to food producers
    Ganges Neolithic 4000 2500 other subsistence types
    Central Indian Neolithic 5000 3100 other subsistence combinations
Europe Eastern Europe Northeastern European Bronze Age 4000 2800 other subsistence types
  General Europe Bell Beaker 4500 3800 intensive agriculturalists
    Impressed Ware 6800 6000 primarily foragers
  Scandinavia Scandinavian Iron Age 2500 1500 other subsistence types
  Southeastern Europe Southeastern Europe Late Chalcolithic 5500 4500 agro-pastoralists
Middle America
and the Caribbean		 Caribbean Late Caribbean 1000 500 intensive agriculturalists
  Central Mexico West Mexico Postclassic 1100 480 intensive agriculturalists
    Central Mexico Postclassic 1300 479 intensive agriculturalists
    Central Mexico Classic 2150 1350 intensive agriculturalists
    Olmec 3400 2100 other subsistence types
  General Middle America
and the Caribbean		 Early Mesoamerican Archaic 9600 7000 foragers
    Highland Mesoamerican Archaic 7000 4000 foragers
    Highland Mesoamerican Early Preclassic 4000 2600 horticulturalists
    Highland Mesoamerican Late Preclassic 2600 1600 horticulturalists
  Maya Area Preclassic Maya 3800 1850 horticulturalists
    Postclassic Maya 1100 400 horticulturalists
    Classic Maya 2100 1100 intensive agriculturalists
    Lowland Mesoamerican Archaic 7000 3800 primarily foragers
  Northern Mexico Huatabampo 1800 500 primarily foragers
Middle East Middle East Iranian Bronze Age 5000 3500 agro-pastoralists
    Early Dynastic Mesopotamia 4900 4334 agro-pastoralists
    Halafian 7500 7000 agro-pastoralists
    Ubaid 7500 6000 agro-pastoralists
    Late Chalcolithic Mesopotamia 6000 5100 agro-pastoralists
    Jemdet Nasr 5100 4900 agro-pastoralists
    Akkadian 4334 4112 agro-pastoralists
    Epipaleolithic 40000 10500 foragers
    Aceramic Neolithic 10500 7500 foragers to food producers
    Ceramic Neolithic 8000 6100 horticulturalists
North America Arctic and Subarctic Norton 3000 1000 foragers
    Proto-Athapaskans 2000 150 foragers
    Late Tundra 8000 6000 foragers
    Paleo-Arctic 11000 6000 foragers
  Eastern Woodlands Eastern Middle Archaic 8000 6000 foragers
    Initial Shield Woodland 3000 600 foragers
    Eastern Early Archaic 10000 8000 foragers
    Hopewell 2100 1700 horticulturalists
    Mississippian 1100 500 horticulturalists
    Eastern Middle Woodland 2100 1300 primarily foragers
    Eastern Late Woodland 1300 500 primarily foragers
    Eastern Late Archaic 6000 3000 primarily foragers
    Eastern Early Woodland 3000 2100 primarily foragers
    Adena 2600 1900 primarily foragers
  General North America Eastern Arctic Small Tool 4000 2700 foragers
    Late Paleo-Indian 11000 6000 foragers
  Northwest Coast and California Late Southern California 3000 150 foragers
  Plains and Plateau Cascade 8000 5000 foragers
  Southwest and Basin Early Desert Archaic 10000 8000 foragers
    Middle–Late Desert Archaic 8000 150 foragers
    Mogollon 2000 600 foragers to food producers
    Early Anasazi 1300 700 horticulturalists
    Hohokam 2000 500 intensive agriculturalists
    Late Anasazi 700 450 intensive agriculturalists
    Basketmaker 3000 1300 primarily foragers
Oceania Melanesia New Guinea Neolithic 10000 100 horticulturalists
  Polynesia Tongan 2000 200 horticulturalists
    Hawaiian 800 200 horticulture to intensive agriculture
South America Central Andes Andean Regional Development 2200 1300 agro-pastoralists
    Aymara Kingdoms 900 530 agro-pastoralists
    Highland Andean Formative 3500 2200 agro-pastoralists
    Huari 1200 900 agro-pastoralists
    Tiahuanaco 1600 900 agro-pastoralists
    Highland Andean Archaic 7000 3500 foragers to food producers
    Chavín 2800 2200 horticulturalists
    Andean Regional States 900 530 intensive agriculturalists
    Inka 800 468 intensive agriculturalists
  Northwest South America Manteño 1500 500 horticulturalists
    Early Northwest South American Littoral 9000 5500 primarily foragers

 

For a printable Adobe PDF version of eHRAF's Complete Archaeology Traditions Collection List click here.

For a Microsoft Excel .xls version of eHRAF's Complete Archaeology Traditions Collection List click here.

(Note: The Collection Lists also include installment number, page and document counts, and SRS)

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Last Modified on: February 26, 2013