Yale University
 
Graduate School of Arts & Sciences banner
Top spacerVisitors & New Students ButtonNews & Events ButtonOffices & Staff ButtonAcademics ButtonAdmissions ButtonFellowships & Financial Aid ButtonMcDougal Center ButtonCareer Services ButtonStudent Life ButtonTeaching Center ButtonDiversity ButtonBottom spacer
Graduate School Home Spacer Yale Home Spacer
spacerresponsible conduct in research

Policies and Definitions

Policies
Students should familiarize themselves with their respective codes of conduct for the College and the Graduate School. That plagiarism and fabrication of data are addressed in the first article of each code should convey the centrality of these issues to your intellectual pursuits within an academic environment.

To learn more about academic integrity, click here The Fundamental Values of Academic Integrity (from CAI).

Definitions
Academic dishonesty may take a number of forms. The most basic definition of it is any claim within or about your research and scholarship that is not true. Below are defined some of the most prevalent forms of academic dishonesty.

Plagiarism
The failure, whether intentional or not, to cite one's sources properly is referred to as plagiarism. Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary defines the act of plagiarizing as follows:

Plagiarize vb: to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one’s own : use (a created production) without crediting the source ~ vi : to commit literary theft : present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source.

We are required to cite any instance in which we have either directly quoted or indirectly drawn upon and benefited from the works and ideas of others. This requirement applies equally to all of the work that we do, whether a paper or an exam for a course, a presentation in class or at a conference, a manuscript for publication, or any other scholarly work. Failing to credit the influence of existing research and scholarship on one's own work is tantamount to theft. It is particularly important to note that the Internet is subject to the same rules that govern other sources. It is not somehow free or different from any other source that must be cited if used.

Plagiarism, whether deliberate or through negligence or ignorance, is a serious violation of conduct at both the College and the Graduate School, and, indeed, in any environment that values integrity, respect and fairness. Our commitment to creative scholarly work carries with it explicit and implicit commitments to documenting the sources of existing ideas and statements that appear in our own work. By planning ahead, being honest, and exercising patience, plagiarism is easy to avoid.

bullet Back

It is imperative that all of us learn and apply the standards for citation in our disciplines because the written form for noting citations varies from one field of study to the next. In short, while the obligation to cite all sources we have used is universal, the forms of citation vary widely. Yale faculty members can help you determine the current protocols governing scholarly references in each discipline. Please click here for additional resources.

Unauthorized Collaboration
Collaboration refers to work that we do with others to complete graded course work. All parties involved are responsible for the collaboration. It may include but is not limited to discussion of home work problems or take-home exam questions, work on a lab report, discussion or editing of a paper you are writing.

Only the instructor of a course may authorize collaboration and the degree to which it is appropriate in that course and in a given situation. If an instructor permits you to collaborate on one assignment, it does not mean you may collaborate on other assignments. You must follow all of the guidelines set by the instructor. If the instructor has not authorized you to work together with others and you do so, you have collaborated without authorization. If you are at all uncertain about whether or not you are allowed to collaborate on a particular piece of work or in a particular way, you should ask the instructor.

Other
Other forms of academic dishonesty include falsifying or misusing data from experiments, submitting the same paper for two classes without permission, copying from another student on exams or assignments, and the use of unauthorized materials during exams.