Large shrub or small tree, averaging 16 ft. tall, with few spreading branches.

BUDS: Small green or brown, opposite buds; false end buds--end of twig is flat.

TWIGS: Stout with large, white pith; small wartlike lenticels.

BARK: Brownish.

HABITAT: Thickets.

USES: Fruits used in making pies, jam, jelly, and wine. Berries are edible to many species of birds.