Student Clinic

Controlling Odor and Gaseous Emission Problems from Industrial Swine Facilities: A Handbook for All Interested Parties

Abeles-Allison, M. and Conner, L. "An Analysis of Local Benefits and Costs of Michigan Hog Operation Experiencing Environmental Conflicts," Agricultural Economics Report No. 536, Department of Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 1990.

Agpro, Inc. General Information and "Swine Tour" (visited February 20, 1998) <http://agprousa.com/index.html>

American Bio Catalysts, Inc. "Composting Swine Mortalities" (March 5, 1998) <http://www.biocatinc.com/techbull/csm.html>

Arogo, Jactone, et al. "Cleaning Emissions from Confined Livestock Buildings."

Arends v. Iowa Select Farms, L.P. (556 N.W.2d 812 (Iowa 1996)).

Barker, James C., et al. Water Quality and Waste Management: Safety in Swine Production Systems, North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, Publication Number PIH-104, March 1996.

Barker, James C. "Effects of Manure Management Practices on Air Quality and Animal Performance in Swine Production Buildings," North Carolina State Cooperative Extension Service, Publication No. EPBAE 180-93, March 1996.

Barker, James C. "Swine Production Facility Manure Management: Underfloor Flush – Lagoon Treatment," North Carolina State Cooperative Extension Service, Publication No. EPBAE 129-88, last electronic revision, March 1996a.

Barker, James C., et al. "Design Criteria for Swine Waste Flushing Systems," North Carolina State Cooperative Extension Service, Publication No. EPBAE 080-81, last electronic revision, March 1996b.

Barker, James C. "Manure Liquid – Solids Separation," North Carolina State Cooperative Extension Service, Publication No. EPBAE 182-93, last electronic revision, March 1996c.

Barker, James C. "Lagoon Design and Management for Livestock Waste Treatment and Storage," North Carolina State Cooperative Extension Service, Publication No. EPBAE 103-83, last electronic revision, March 1996d.

Best Management Practices (BMP) Team, Ohio State University Extension, Department of Horticulture and Crop Science. "Best Management Practices: A Manure Nutrient Management Program," Publication No. AGF-207-95, 1995.

Bloxham, Peter F. and Ivo F. Svoboda. "Management of Livestock Manures in the U.K.," Ingenieries [special issue: Animal Manures and Environment in Europe] 1996, pp. 39 – 47.

Board of Supervisors of Crooks Township, Renville County v. Valadco (504 N.W.2d 267 (Minn. Ct. App. 1993)).

Bundy, Dwaine S., Iowa State University. "Improvement and Implementation of a Dust and

Bacteria Removal System in Producer Buildings," 1995 Research Investment Report, National Pork Producers Council (undated).

Burton, Colin H. "Processings Strategies for Farm Livestock Slurries-- An EU Collaboration," Ingenieries [special issue: Animal Manures and Environment in Europe] 1996, pp. 5 – 10.

Carton, Owen T. "Are the Processing Options for Manure in Ireland?" Ingenieries [special issue: Animal Manures and Environment in Europe] 1996, pp. 65 - 72.

Center for the Analysis and Dissemination of Demonstrated Energy Technologies, Renewable Energy Product. "Energy from Animal Wastes Using Anaerobic Lagoon Digesters," June 3, 1997.

Center for Rural Affairs. "Spotlight on Pork III." January 1998.

Chastain, John P. and Larry D. Jacobson. "Site Selection for Animal Housing and Waste StorageFacilities," Publication No. AEU-6, 1996.

Christianson, Leslie L., et al. "Effects of Pen Partitions and Feeders on Air Velocities and Air Quality," 1996 Research Investment Report, National Pork Producers Council (undated).

Chutchian, Kenneth Z. "Some smell trouble in proposed hog farm," Boston Globe. March 22, 1998, F1.

CTN. "Known (Generic) Hog Waste Management Products, Services & Technologies" (visited April 8, 1998)
<http://data.ctn.nrc.ca/mb/content/type23/org371/listings/listings/t13486.htm>

Cushman, John H. "Pollution by Factory Farms Inspires Industrial Approach to Regulation," New York Times, March 6, 1998. A12.

Derrikx, Piet J.L., et al. "Management of livestock manures in Netherlands — the current situation," Ingenieries [special issue: Animal Manures and Environment in Europe] 1996, pp. 57 - 64.

DeVore, B. "Greasing the Way for Factory Bacon: Corporate hog operations—and their lagoons— threaten the financial and physical health of family farms," Sustainable Farming Connection
<http://sunsite.unc.edu/farmingconnection/farmpoli/features/greasing.htm>

Donham, K. Occupational Health Risks For Swine Producers: Inferences For Public Health Risks for People Living in The Vicinity of Swine Production Units, Manure Management Conference, 1998.

Driggers, L. Byrnum, et al. "Non-Mechanical Ventilation of MOF Swine Buildings," Purdue University, Cooperative Extension Service, Publication No. PIH-120, May 1989.

Durham v. Britt (117 N.C.App. 250 (N.C. Ct. App. 1994)).

Duxbury-Berg, Lora. "South Dakota: Turmoil on the Prairie," National Hog Farmer May 15, 1997, pp. 28 - 35.

Ellingboe, Randy. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. Telephone Interview (March 24, 1998).

Environmental Defense Fund. "Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition from Agricultural Activities"
<http://www.edf.org/pubs/factsheets/i%5Fhog.html>

Environmental Defense Fund. "Environmental Defense Fund Praises Miller Bill on Factory Feedlots" (Feb. 12, 1998)
<http://www.edf.org/pubs/NewsRelease/1998/Feb/a_hogs.html>

ETSU. "Swiss Country Report on Anaerobic Digestion in Agriculture" (March 25, 1998) <http://www.etsu.com/ad-nett/html/switzerland.html>

Fulhage, C. Beyond Odors-Potential Impact of Emissions on Manure Management, University of Missouri, Department of Agricultural Engineering, 1994.

Fulhage, Charles. "Composting Swine Carcasses," MoorMan’s Feed Facts, Volume 7, Hog 1, January 1997.

Fundine, D., and Strassman, R. Results of May 20, 1996 Air Monitoring at ValAdCo, State of Minnesota, Office Memorandum, Pollution Control Agency.

Gassman, Philip W. and Aziz Bouzaher. "Livestock Pollution: Lessons from the European Union," Animal Waste and the Land-Water Interface (ed. Kenn Steele) 1995, pp. 215 – 222.

Georgacakis, Dimitris. "Livestock Farming in Greece with Respect to the Environment," Ingenieries [special issue: Animal Manures and Environment in Europe] 1996, pp. 49 – 56.

Goodell v. Humboldt County, Iowa (1998 WL 92658 (Iowa)).

Gott v. M’Orr Pork, Inc. (1997 WL 85191 (Ill.Pol.Control.Bd.)).

Greenwire. February 5, 1998.

Grimes, G. "Industrialization in Swine Production" <http://etcs.ext.missouri.edu/agebb/mgt/agpolicy/grimes.txt>

Hahne, Jochen, et al. "Management of Livestock Manure in Germany-- A Brief Overview,"

Ingenieries [special issue: Animal Manures and Environment in Europe] 1996, pp. 11 – 22.

Halvorsen, Donna. "House backs divisive feedlot bill// Moratorium on creation, expansion is aimed at helping control size, odor," Minneapolis Star-Tribune, March 6, 1998, B1.

Hamilton, Douglas W. "Lagoons for Livestock Waste Treatment," Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service, Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Publication No. F-1736 (undated).

Hamilton, Neil D. "State Regulation of Agricultural Production Contracts," 25 U. Mem. L. Rev. 1051 (1995).

Hatfield, J.L. "Environmental Implications of Livestock Production," Journal of Soil and Water Conservation (Sept.-Oct. 1997), pp. 312-17.

Heber, Al, et al. "Controlling Ammonia Gas in Swine Buildings," Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Animal Science and Industry, Purdue University (undated).

Heber, A.J. "Setbacks for Sufficient Swine Odor Dispersion and Dilution." Paper presented at the Livestock and Environment Symposium, University of Nebraska Cooperative Extension Service, New World Inn, Columbus, NE, December 10 - 11, 1997 (last modified December 16, 1997) <http://pasture.ecn.Purdue.edu/~heber/setba.htm>

Homes, M., et al. "Viability of Bioaerosols Produced From a Swine Facility"
<http://www.anr.ces.purdue.edu/anr/anr/swine/house/conf.htm>

Hudson, Karen. "Rural Residents’ Perspectives on Industrial Livestock Production: A Patchwork of Rural Injustice," Manure Management Conference, 1998. 

Illinois Farm Nuisance Suit Act. 740 Ill. Comp. Stat. Ann. 70 (West 1993). 

Illinois Livestock Management Facilities Act (510 Ill. Comp. Stat. 77/1 et.seq.). 

Information and Advisory Service on Appropriate Technology, Biogas Digest, excerpts, "Biogas Basics," "Parameters and Process Optimisation," "Microbiology," "Organic Fertilizer from Biogas Plants," "Biogas – Application and Product Development," "Biogas – Sludge Management," "Substrate Types and Management," "Cost of a Biogas Plant" and "Macroeconomic Evaluation," 1996.

Iowa Code &sect;&sect;657.10 and 654B. (1990)

Iowa House Bill 1915. (1997).

Iowa House File 519. (1995).

Iowa State University. "Swine Manure Management and Iowa’s Manure Law" (visited Feb. 2, 1998) <http://www.ae.iastate.edu/waste/hfswine.htm>

Jacobson, L. "Impact of Livestock Buildings as Sources of Gas and Odor Emissions"
<http://www.bae.umn.edu/extens/ennotes/enfall95/impact.html>

Jacobson, Larry D. and David R. Schmidt. "Manure Management Practices for the Minnesota Pork Industry," 1998.

Jacobson, Larry D., et al. "Troubleshooting Swine Ventilation Systems," Purdue University, Cooperative Extension Service, Publication No. PIH-84, revised December 1994.

Johnson, Jay and Don Eckert. "Best Management Practices: Land Application of Animal Manure," Publication No. AGF-208-95, 1995.

Jones, Don D., et al. "Methane Generation from Livestock Waste," Energy Management in Agriculture, Publication No. AE-105, September 1980.

Kantardjieff, Alexandra, Ekokan, Inc. "Pig Manure Processing by Aerobic Biofilters" (visited April 6, 1998) <http://www.cetac-west.ca/no-frames/hmm.ech.ecokan.html>

Keller, Des and Dan Miller. "Hog Wars," Progressive Farmer, October 1997.

Koelsch, Rick. "Sizing Anaerobic Treatment Lagoons: How Big is Big Enough?" November 8, 1996.

Kuehl v. Cass County (555 N.W.2d 686 (Iowa 1996)).

Laux v. Chopin Land Assocs., Inc., 550 N.E.2d 100 (Ind. Ct. App. 1990).

"Livestock Confinement Dusts and Gases" (1998) <http://www.inform.umd.edu/EdRes/To…/K_CONFINEMENT_DUSTS_AND_GASES.html>

Lorimor, J., et al. "Manure Storage Poses Invisible Risks," Safe Farm Series, Iowa State University Extension <htttp://www.ae.iastate.edu/safety/pm1518k.txt>

Lorimor, Jeffery. "Emptying Animal Manure Pits and Lagoons," July 1995.

Manitoba Manure Technology Transfer Mission. May 8 - 20, 1995.

Martinez, Jose. "The Management of Livestock Slurries in France: An Overview," Ingenieries [special issue: Animal Manures and Environment in Europe] 1996, pp. 31 - 38.

Meyer, Daniel J. "Gravity Drain Gutter Systems," Purdue University, Cooperative Extension Service, Publication No. PIH-95, December 1990.

Minnesota Department of Health, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. Feedlot Emissions (Hydrogen Sulfide), Renville County, Minnesota, July-August 1996 (revised November 18, 1996).

Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, Legislative Report of the Feedlot Hydrogen Sulfide Program, February 1, 1998.

Minn. Stat. &sect;116.0713 (Supp. 1997).

Miner, J. Ronald and Clyde L. Barth. "Controlling Odors from Swine Buildings," Purdue University Cooperative Extension Service, Publication No. PIH-33, June 1988.

Murphy, James P. et al. "Mechanical Ventilation of Swine Buildings," Purdue University, Cooperative Extension Service, Publication No. PIH-60. December 1990.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Conservation Practice Standard, "Waste Storage Facility," Code 313, Field Office, Section IV, January 1996.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Conservation Practice Standard, "Waste Treatment Lagoon," Code 359, Field Office, Section IV, December 1995.

Natural Resources Conservation Service, Conservation Practice Standard, "Waste Utilization (acres)," Code 633, Field Office, Section IV, January 1995.

Nicolai, Richard. University of Minnesota Extension Service. "Managing Odors from Swine, Parts 1, 2 and 3" (visited February 19, 1998) <http://www.bae.umn.edu/extens/ennotes/enwin95/odors.html>

Nicolai, Richard E. "Managing Odors from Swine Waste," Publication No. AEU-8, 1996.

Nicolai, Richard and Kevin Janni. "A Biofilter for Swine Production Facilities," 1997.

Noble, Martha L. and J.W. Looney. "The Emerging Legal Framework for Animal Agricultural Waste Management in Arkansas," 47 Ark. L. Rev. 159 (1994).

North Carolina House Bill 515 (1997).

North Carolina State University. "Biofilter for Removing Odorous Compounds in Exhaust from Swine Buildings," Animal and Poultry Waste Management Research: A Progress Report, July 15, 1997.

North Carolina State University. "Chemical Amendments to Enhance Swine Manure Liquid-Solid Separation and Stabilization of By-Products," Animal and Poultry Waste Management Research: A Progress Report, July 15, 1997.

North Carolina State University. "Ekokan, Inc., Animal Waste – Management Treatment System (Solid Separator/Biofilter/Solids Coating)," Animal and Poultry Waste Management Research: A Progress Report, July 15, 1997.

North Carolina State University. "Evaluating combined Mechanical/Biological Swine Odor Scrubbing Systems," Animal and Poultry Waste Management Research: A Progress Report, July 15, 1997.

Northville Township v. Coyne, 429 N.W.2d 185 (Mich. Ct. App. 1988). "The Odor of Lemon Affects People in Such a Way That They Report Fewer Health Symptoms," Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine, Vol 12:16, 1994.

Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, Fact Sheet, Dead Animal Composting and the Management of Such Practices in Ohio, September 1996.

Oklahoma Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations Act. Okla. Stat. Ann. tit. 2 &sect; 9-210 (West 1997).

Oklahoma House Joint Resolution No. 1093-- 1997 OK H.J.R. 1093

Oklahoma Statutes Annotated, "Agricultural activities as nuisance." Okla. Stat. Ann. tit. 50 &sect;1.1 (West 1988).

Palmquist, R., et al. "Hog Operations, Environmental Effects, and Residential Property Values," Land Economics, 73(1): 114-124, February 1997.

Piccinini, Sergio, and Giuseppe Bonazzi. "The Current Situation of the Management and Disposal of Livestock Wastes in Italy," Ingenieries [special issue: Animal Manures and Environment in Europe] 1996. pp.73-80.

Phillips, V., et al. Measuring and Reducing Gaseous and Particulate Air Pollution From UK Livestock Buildings, Silsoe Research Institute, Wrest Park, Silsoe, Bedford MK45 4 HS, United Kingdom.

Premium Standard Farms, Inc. v. Lincoln Township of Putnam County (946 S.W.2d 234 (Mo. 1997)).

Reynolds, S., et al. "Longitudinal Evaluation of Dose-Response Relationships for Environmental Exposures and Pulmonary Function in Swine Production Workers," American Journal of Industrial Medicine 29:33-40, 1996.

Rudek, J. Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition and Ecosystem Health in North Carolina: A Public Perspective, Environmental Defense Fund, Raleigh NC, 1997.

Safley, Lawson M., Jr., et al. "Lagoon Management," Cooperative Extension Service, Purdue University, Publication No. PIH-62, June 1993.

Schiffman, S., et al. "The Effect of Environmental Odors Emanating From Commercial Swine Operations on the Mood of Nearby Residents," Brain Research Bulletin, Vol. 37. No 4, 369-375, 1995.

Schmidt, D. and L. Jacobson. "Odor and Odor Policy Criteria," AEU-11, Minnesota Extension Service, University of Minnesota, Department of Biosystems and Agricultural
Engineering (November 1995) <http://www/bae/umn/edu/extens/aeu/aeu11/html>

Schmitt, Michael and George Rehm. "Fertilizing Cropland with Swine Manure," 1998.

Shatto v. McNulty, 509 N.E.2d 897 (Ind. Ct. App. 1987).

Shelton, David P. "Reduction of Crop Residue Cover by Manure Injection Equipment," 1995 – 1996 Final Report from the 1997 Research Investment Report, 1997.

Skjelhaugen, Odd Jarle. "The Management of Livestock Manure in Norway," Ingenieries [special issue: Animal Manures and Environment in Europe] 1996, pp. 81 - 87.

Sommer, Sven G., et al. "Nitrogen Management on Danish Livestock Farms and the Related Legislation," Ingenieries [Special issue: Animal Manures and Environment in Europe] 1996, pp. 23 - 29.

Stephens, M. "Controversy Over Corporate Hog Farming was a Major Impetus of New Legislation in Oklahoma," The Kerr Center for Sustainable Agriculture Newsletter <http://www.kercenter.com/nwsltr/news23-4.htm#Article7>

S.C. Code Ann. &sect; 47-20-70 (Law. Co-op. 1996).

Sullivan, Jim, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. Telephone Interview (March 24, 1998).

Suur, C., et al. "Increased Number of Activated Leukocytes in Human Lung Following

Swine Dust Inhalation," European Respiratory Journal,10, 376-380, 1997.

Sweeten, J. Odor Measurement Technology and Applications: A State-of-the-art Review,

Texas A&M University System, College Station, Texas, Agricultural Engineering Department, Texas Agricultural Extension Service, 1996.

Swine Odor Task Force (SOTF), North Carolina State University, "Options for Managing Odor" (March 1, 1995) <http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/whpaper/SwineOdor.html>

Taraba, J., and L. Piercy. Safe Use of Animal Waste Management Systems, University of Kentucky, College of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Cooperative Extension Service.

Taraba, J.L. and R.M. Williams. "Laws and Regulation Impacting Livestock Wastes in Kentucky." Agricultural Engineering Update 66.

Taraba, Joseph L. E-mail correspondence to Kentucky County Extension Agents, Re: Towed Hose Liquid Manure Injection Demonstration (March 10, 1998).

Thu, K. Institute for Rural and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, Telephone Interview, March 4, 1998.

Thu, K. Rural Health and Large-scale Swine Operations, Manure Management Conference, 1998.

Thu, K., et al. "A Control Study of the Physical and Mental Health of Residents Living Near a Large-scale Swine Operation," Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health,3(1):13-26, 1997.

Tsujimoto, H., et al. "Prediction of Feeling of Subject on Odor Stimulation from Physiological Information," Department of Systems and Human Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University <http://sensor.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/sensorsym/sensor15idx/C3-2.html>

United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Science and Education Impact. "Greater
Harmony Between Agriculture and the Environment" (visited February 9, 1998)
<http://www.reeusda.gov/success/impact/wipingou.htm.

United States Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Network (EREC). "Methane (Biogas) from Anaerobic Digesters," Consumer Energy Information: EREC Reference Briefs (March 25, 1998) <http://www.eren.doe.gov/consumerinfo/refbriefs/ab5.html.

United States Meat Export Federation. "New Study Says Exports Present Significant Bonus to

U.S. Pork Industry" (May 28, 1997) <http://www.usmef.org/news/IMPACTP.html>

University of Minnesota, Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering. "Evaluating On-Farm Manure Storage Covers for Odor Control," 1996 Annual Report, undated[a].

University of Minnesota, Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering. "Evaluation of Experimental Swine Waste Storage Covers for Odor Control," 1996 Annual Report, undated[b].

University of Minnesota, Manure Application PlannerÔ , from the University of Minnesota’s internet web site (April 6, 1998) <http://www.cffm.umn.edu/cffm/map.htm> undated[c].

Van Horn, H., et al. "Components of Dairy Manure Management Systems," Journal of Dairy Science. 77:2008-2030 American Dairy Science Association, Champaign, IL, 1994.

Vansickle, Joe. "Pig Composting." National Hog Farmer, January 15, 1998.

Vansickle, Joe. "States Go To War Over The Environment," National Hog Farmer, May 15, 1997, pp. 16 - 20.

Virginia House Bill 1334. (1998).

Weinhold v. Wolff. (555 N.W.2d 454 (1996)).

Williams, Ted. "Assembly Line Swine," Audubon March - April 1998, pp. 26 - 33.

• Table of Contents