Calendar

2001		Fall
Sept. 4	Tues.	Registration and orientation for all new students. First-term small groups meet.
Sept. 5	Wed.	Fall term begins, 8.30 A.M. First day of classes and registration for returning students.
Oct. 19	Fri.	Fall recess begins, 6 p.m.
Oct. 29	Mon.	Classes resume, 8.30 a.m.
Nov. 20	Tues.	Thanksgiving recess begins, 6 p.m.
Nov. 26	Mon.	Classes resume, 8.30 a.m.
Dec. 21	Fri.	Classes end; vacation begins, 6 p.m.

2002
Jan. 7	Mon.	Examination period begins, 9 a.m.
Jan. 22	Tues.	Fall term ends, 4.30 P.M.

		Spring
Jan. 28	Mon.	Spring term begins, 8.30 A.M.
Mar. 15	Fri.	Spring recess begins, 6 p.m.
Mar. 25	Mon.	Spring recess ends; classes resume, 8.30 a.m.
May 10	Fri.	Classes end.
May 13	Mon.	Examination period begins, 9 a.m.
May 24	Fri.	Spring term ends, 4.30 P.M.
May 27	Mon.	University Commencement
June 5	Wed.	Degrees voted by faculty.

The President and Fellows of Yale University

President
Richard Charles Levin, B.A., B.LITT., PH.D.

Fellows
His Excellency the Governor of Connecticut, ex officio.
Her Honor the Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut, ex officio.
George Leonard Baker, Jr., B.A., M.B.A., Palo Alto, California.
Roland Whitney Betts, B.A., J.D., New York, New York (June 2005).
Benjamin Solomon Carson, Sr., B.A., M.D., West Friendship, Maryland (June 2003).
Gerhard Casper, LL.M., PH.D., Atherton, California.
Susan Crown, B.A., M.A., Chicago, Illinois.
Charles Daniel Ellis, B.A., M.B.A., PH.D., Greenwich, Connecticut.
David Richmond Gergen, B.A., LL.B., McLean, Virginia (June 2002).
Holcombe Turner Green, Jr., B.A., LL.B., Atlanta, Georgia.
Linda Anne Mason, B.A., M.B.A., Belmont, Massachusetts (June 2004).
The Rt. Rev. Victoria Matthews, B.A., M.DIV., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Barrington Daniel Parker, Jr., B.A., LL.B., Stamford, Connecticut.
John Ennis Pepper, Jr., B.A., M.A., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Kurt Lidell Schmoke, B.A., J.D., Baltimore, Maryland.
Jaime Serra, B.A., PH.D., Mexico City, Mexico.
Theodore Ping Shen, B.A., M.B.A., Brooklyn, New York (June 2007).
Janet Louise Yellen, B.A., PH.D., Berkeley, California (June 2006).

The Officers of Yale University

President
Richard Charles Levin, B.A., B.LITT., PH.D.

Provost
Alison Fettes Richard, M.A., PH.D.

Vice President and Secretary
Linda Koch Lorimer, B.A., J.D.

Vice President and General Counsel
Dorothy Kathryn Robinson, B.A., J.D.

Vice President for Development
Charles James Pagnam, B.A.

Vice President and Director of New Haven and State Affairs
Bruce Donald Alexander, B.A., J.D.

Vice President for Finance and Administration
Robert Loren Culver, B.A., M.A., M.P.A.

Yale Law School

Officers of Administration
Richard Charles Levin, B.A., B.LITT., PH.D., President of the University.
Alison Fettes Richard, M.A., PH.D., Provost of the University.
Anthony Townsend Kronman, J.D., PH.D., Dean.
William N. Eskridge, Jr., M.A., J.D., Deputy Dean.
S. Blair Kauffman, J.D., LL.M., M.L.L., Law Librarian.
Toni Hahn Davis, J.D., LL.M., Associate Dean.
Natalia Martín, A.B., J.D., Associate Dean.
Barbara J. Safriet, J.D., LL.M., Associate Dean.
Carroll D. Stevens, B.A., J.D., Associate Dean.
James Albert Thomas, B.A., LL.B., Associate Dean.
Mike K. Thompson, M.B.A., J.D., Associate Dean.
Stephen T. Yandle, B.A., J.D., Associate Dean.

Faculty Emeriti
Boris Irving Bittker, M.A., LL.D., Sterling Professor Emeritus of Law.
Guido Calabresi, LL.B., DR.JUR., LL.D., D.PHIL., H.LITT.D., D.POLI.SCI., Sterling Professor Emeritus of Law and Professorial Lecturer in Law.
Elias Clark, M.A., LL.B., Lafayette S. Foster Professor Emeritus of Law and Myres S. McDougal Professorial Lecturer in Law.
Morris L. Cohen, LL.B., M.L.S., LL.D., Professor Emeritus of Law and Professorial Lecturer in Law.
Daniel Josef Freed, M.A., LL.B., Clinical Professor Emeritus of Law and Its Administration and Professorial Lecturer in Law.
Geoffrey Cornell Hazard, Jr., M.A., LL.B., Sterling Professor Emeritus of Law.
Quintin Johnstone, B.A., J.S.D., Justus S. Hotchkiss Professor Emeritus of Law and Professorial Lecturer in Law.
Jay Katz, B.A., M.D., Elizabeth K. Dollard Professor Emeritus of Law, Medicine, and Psychiatry and Harvey L. Karp Professorial Lecturer in Law and Psychoanalysis.
Burke Marshall, M.A., LL.B., LL.D., Nicholas deB. Katzenbach Professor Emeritus of Law and George W. Crawford Professorial Lecturer in Law.
Eugene Victor Rostow, M.A., LL.D., Sterling Professor Emeritus of Law and Public Affairs.
Harry Hillel Wellington, M.A., LL.B., Sterling Professor Emeritus of Law and Harry H. Wellington Professorial Lecturer in Law.

Faculty
‡Bruce Ackerman, M.A., LL.B., Sterling Professor of Law and Political Science.
Anita L. Allen, J.D., PH.D., Visiting Professor of Law.
†Anne Alstott, A.B., J.D., Professor of Law.
Akhil Reed Amar, B.A., J.D., Southmayd Professor of Law.
Jennifer H. Arlen, J.D., PH.D., Visiting Professor of Law.
Ian Ayres, J.D., PH.D., William K. Townsend Professor of Law.
Jack M. Balkin, J.D., PH.D., Knight Professor of Constitutional Law and the First Amendment.
Yochai Benkler, LL.B., J.D., Visiting Professor of Law.
Lea Brilmayer, J.D., LL.M., Howard M. Holtzmann Professor of International Law.
Robert Amsterdam Burt, M.A., J.D., Alexander M. Bickel Professor of Law.
Guido Calabresi, LL.B., DR.JUR., LL.D., D.PHIL., H.LITT.D., D.POLI.SCI., Sterling Professor Emeritus of Law and Professorial Lecturer in Law.
Lincoln Caplan, A.B., J.D., Knight Senior Journalist.
‡Stephen Lisle Carter, B.A., J.D., William Nelson Cromwell Professor of Law.
Marvin A. Chirelstein, A.B., J.D., Jacquin D. Bierman Professor (Adjunct) of Taxation (fall term).
Margaret Chisholm, M.L.S., J.D., Lecturer in Legal Research.
*Amy L. Chua, A.B., J.D., Professor of Law.
Elias Clark, M.A., LL.B., Lafayette S. Foster Professor Emeritus of Law and Myres S. McDougal Professorial Lecturer in Law.
Morris L. Cohen, LL.B., M.L.S., LL.D., Professor Emeritus of Law and Professorial Lecturer in Law.
†Jules L. Coleman, M.S.L., PH.D., Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld Professor of Jurisprudence and Professor of Philosophy.
Dennis E. Curtis, B.S., LL.B., Clinical Professor of Law.
Robert M. Daines, B.A., B.S., J.D., Visiting Associate Professor of Law (fall term).
‡Harlon Leigh Dalton, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law.
Mirjan Radovan Damaska, LL.B., DR.JUR., Sterling Professor of Law.
Toni Hahn Davis, J.D., LL.M., Associate Dean.
‡Drew S. Days, III, B.A., LL.B., Alfred M. Rankin Professor of Law.
Jan Ginter Deutsch, LL.B., PH.D., Walton Hale Hamilton Professor of Law.
Brett Dignam, M.A., J.D., Clinical Professor of Law and Supervising Attorney.
Francis X. Dineen, B.A., LL.B., Clinical Professor (Adjunct) of Law and Supervising Attorney.
Steven Barry Duke, J.D., LL.M., Professor of Law.
†Robert C. Ellickson, A.B., LL.B., Walter E. Meyer Professor of Property and Urban Law.
Edwin Donald Elliott, B.A., J.D., Professor (Adjunct) of Law.
William N. Eskridge, Jr., M.A., J.D., John A. Garver Professor of Jurisprudence and Deputy Dean.
Daniel C. Esty, M.A., J.D., Clinical Professor of Environmental Law and Policy, Law School; and Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Professor of Environmental Law and Policy, School of Forestry & Environmental Studies.
Owen M. Fiss, M.A., LL.B., Sterling Professor of Law.
Daniel Josef Freed, M.A., LL.B., Clinical Professor Emeritus of Law and Its Administration and Professorial Lecturer in Law.
‡Paul Gewirtz, B.A., J.D., Potter Stewart Professor of Constitutional Law.
Abraham Samuel Goldstein, M.A., LL.B., LL.D., Sterling Professor of Law.
Robert W. Gordon, A.B., J.D., Fred A. Johnston Professor of Law.
Michael J. Graetz, b.B.A., LL.B., LL.D., Justus S. Hotchkiss Professor of Law.
Steven J. Gunn, A.B., J.D., Visiting Associate Clinical Professor of Law and Supervising Attorney.
Henry B. Hansmann, J.D., PH.D., Sam Harris Professor of Law.
Robert D. Harrison, J.D., PH.D., Lecturer in Legal Method.
Quintin Johnstone, B.A., J.S.D., Justus S. Hotchkiss Professor Emeritus of Law and Professorial Lecturer in Law.
‡Dan M. Kahan, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law.
Paul W. Kahn, J.D., PH.D., Robert W. Winner Professor of Law and the Humanities.
Neal K. Katyal, A.B., J.D., Visiting Professor of Law.
Jay Katz, B.A., M.D., Elizabeth K. Dollard Professor Emeritus of Law, Medicine, and Psychiatry and Harvey L. Karp Professorial Lecturer in Law and Psychoanalysis.
S. Blair Kauffman, J.D., LL.M., M.L.L., Law Librarian and Professor of Law.
Alvin Keith Klevorick, M.A., PH.D., John Thomas Smith Professor of Law and Professor of Economics.
*Harold Hongju Koh, A.B., J.D., Gerard C. and Bernice Latrobe Smith Professor of International Law.
Anthony Townsend Kronman, J.D., PH.D., Dean and Edward J. Phelps Professor of Law.
John H. Langbein, LL.B., PH.D., Chancellor Kent Professor of Law and Legal History.
Carroll L. Lucht, M.S.W., J.D., Clinical Professor of Law and Supervising Attorney.
Daniel Markovits, D.PHIL., J.D., Associate Professor of Law.
Theodore R. Marmor, B.A., PH.D., Professor of Public Policy and Management, School of Management; Professor of Political Science; and Professor (Adjunct) of Law (fall term).
Burke Marshall, M.A., LL.B., LL.D., Nicholas deB. Katzenbach Professor Emeritus of Law and George W. Crawford Professorial Lecturer in Law.
Natalia Martín, A.B., J.D., Associate Dean.
Jerry Louis Mashaw, LL.B., PH.D., Sterling Professor of Law.
‡Jean Koh Peters, A.B., J.D., Clinical Professor of Law and Supervising Attorney.
Benjamin Polak, M.A., PH.D., Professor of Economics and Professor (Adjunct) of Law.
J. L. Pottenger, Jr., A.B., J.D., Nathan Baker Clinical Professor of Law and Director of Clinical Studies.
George L. Priest, B.A., J.D., John M. Olin Professor of Law and Economics.
William Michael Reisman, B.A., J.S.D., Myres S. McDougal Professor of International Law.
Judith Resnik, B.A., J.D., Arthur Liman Professor of Law.
Annelise Riles, J.D., PH.D., Visiting Professor of Law.
Roberta Romano, M.A., J.D., Allen Duffy/Class of 1960 Professor of Law.
‡Carol M. Rose, J.D., PH.D., Gordon Bradford Tweedy Professor of Law and Organization.
‡Susan Rose-Ackerman, B.A., PH.D., Henry R. Luce Professor of Jurisprudence (Law School and Department of Political Science).
‡Jed Rubenfeld, A.B., J.D., Robert R. Slaughter Professor of Law.
Kenneth E. Rudolf, M.LIBR., J.D., PH.D., Lecturer in Legal Research.
Barbara J. Safriet, J.D., LL.M., Associate Dean and Lecturer in Law.
Peter H. Schuck, M.A., J.D., LL.M., Simeon E. Baldwin Professor of Law.
†Vicki Schultz, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law.
Alan Schwartz, M.A., LL.B., Sterling Professor of Law.
Fred R. Shapiro, M.S., J.D., Lecturer in Legal Research.
*Reva Siegel, M.PHIL., J.D., Nicholas deB. Katzenbach Professor of Law.
†John G. Simon, LL.B., LL.D., Augustus E. Lines Professor of Law.
Henry E. Smith, J.D., PH.D., Visiting Professor of Law.
*Robert A. Solomon, B.A., J.D., Clinical Professor (Adjunct) of Law.
Carroll D. Stevens, B.A., J.D., Associate Dean.
Kate Stith, M.P.P., J.D., Lafayette S. Foster Professor of Law.
James Albert Thomas, B.A., LL.B., Associate Dean.
Mike K.Thompson, M.B.A., J.D., Associate Dean.
Tracy L. Thompson, B.A., J.D., Lecturer in Legal Research.
Daniel Wade, M.S., J.D., Lecturer in Legal Research.
Jace Weaver, J.D., PH.D., Associate Professor (Adjunct) of Law (fall term).
*Ruth Wedgwood, A.B., J.D., Professor of Law.
Harry Hillel Wellington, M.A., LL.B., Sterling Professor Emeritus of Law and Harry H. Wellington Professorial Lecturer in Law.
*Stanton Wheeler, M.A., PH.D., Ford Foundation Professor of Law and the Social Sciences.
James Q. Whitman, J.D., PH.D., Ford Foundation Professor of Comparative and Foreign Law.
Ralph Karl Winter, Jr., M.A.h., LL.B., Professor (Adjunct) of Law.
Stephen Wizner, A.B., J.D., William O. Douglas Clinical Professor of Law and Supervising Attorney.
Stephen T. Yandle, B.A., J.D., Associate Dean and Lecturer in Law.
Kenji Yoshino, M.SC., J.D., Associate Professor of Law.
Howard V. Zonana, B.A., M.D., Professor of Psychiatry and Clinical Professor (Adjunct) of Law.

Research Scholars and Fellows in Law
Robin E. Auld, LL.B., PH.D., Senior Research Scholar in Law.
Jennifer Gerarda Brown, A.B., J.D., Senior Research Scholar in Law.
Lung-chu Chen, LL.M., J.S.D., Research Scholar in Law.
Elizabeth H. Esty, B.A., J.D., Senior Research Scholar in Law.
Robert L. Fischman, M.S., J.D., Senior Research Scholar in Law.
Claire L. Gaudiani, M.A., PH.D., Senior Research Scholar in Law.
Jonathan Hecht, J.D., M.A.L.D., Senior Research Scholar in Law.
David N. Rosen, A.B., LL.B., Senior Research Scholar in Law.
Clifford Jay Rosky, B.A., J.D., Ribicoff Fellow.
Paul E. Sabin, B.A., PH.D., Senior Research Scholar in Law.
Andrew R. Willard, B.A., Senior Research Scholar in Law.

Visiting Lecturers in Law
James E. Baker, B.A., J.D.
William C. Baskin, Jr., B.A., LL.B.
Judith H. Bello, B.A., J.D.
Stephen B. Bright, B.A., J.D.
Jennifer Gerarda Brown, A.B., J.D.
G. Eric Brunstad, Jr., B.A., J.D.
Stephen Fraidin, A.B., LL.B.
Nancy Gertner, M.A., J.D.
Michael H. Gottesman, B.A., LL.B., Macklin Fleming Visiting Lecturer in Law.
Jonathan Hecht, J.D., M.A.L.D., Lecturer in Law.
Jon T. Hirschoff, A.B., LL.B.
Gary N. Horlick, M.A., J.D.
Vicki C. Jackson, B.A., J.D.
William P. LaPiana, J.D., PH.D.
Barbara B. Lindsay, J.D., LL.M.
Felix Lopez, b.g.s., J.D., J. Skelly Wright Fellow.
Gideon Parchomovsky, LL.M., J.S.D.
James E. Ponet, B.A., M.A.
James J. Silk, M.A., J.D., Lecturer in Law.
John M. Walker, Jr., B.A., J.D.
Andrew R. Willard, B.A., Lecturer in Law.

Clinical Program
J. L. Pottenger, Jr., A.B., J.D., Director of Clinical Studies and Nathan Baker Clinical Professor of Law.
Dennis E. Curtis, B.S., LL.B., Clinical Professor of Law.
Brett Dignam, M.A., J.D., Clinical Professor of Law and Supervising Attorney.
Francis X. Dineen, A.B., LL.B., Clinical Professor (Adjunct) of Law and Supervising Attorney.
Daniel C. Esty, B.A., J.D., Clinical Professor of Environmental Law and Policy, Law School; and Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor of Environmental Law and Policy, School of Forestry & Environmental Studies.
Steven J. Gunn, A.B., J.D., Visiting Associate Clinical Professor of Law and Supervising Attorney.
Carroll L. Lucht, M.S.W., J.D., Clinical Professor of Law and Supervising Attorney.
‡Jean Koh Peters, A.B., J.D., Clinical Professor of Law and Supervising Attorney.
*Robert A. Solomon, B.A., J.D., Clinical Professor (Adjunct) of Law.
Stephen Wizner, A.B., J.D., William O. Douglas Clinical Professor of Law and Supervising Attorney.
Howard V. Zonana, B.A., M.D., Professor of Psychiatry and Clinical Professor (Adjunct) of Law.
Susan J. Bryson, B.A., J.D., Clinical Visiting Lecturer in Law.
Deborah J. Cantrell, M.A., J.D., Clinical Visiting Lecturer in Law.
Lisa Nachmias Davis, B.A., J.D., Clinical Visiting Lecturer in Law.
Barbara B. Lindsay, J.D., LL.M., Clinical Visiting Lecturer in Law.
Jeffrey A. Meyer, B.A., J.D., Clinical Visiting Lecturer in Law.
Laurence P. Nadel, A.B., J.D., Clinical Visiting Lecturer in Law.
James J. Silk, M.A., J.D., Clinical Lecturer in Law.
Juliett L. Crawford, B.A., J.D., Tutor in Clinical Studies.
Jeremiah F. Donovan, B.A., J.D., Tutor in Clinical Studies.
William F. Dow III, B.A., LL.B., Tutor in Clinical Studies.
William J. Doyle, B.A., LL.B., Tutor in Clinical Studies.
Stewart I. Edelstein, B.A., J.D., Tutor in Clinical Studies.
Holly B. Fitzsimmons, M.A., J.D., Tutor in Clinical Studies.
Mary M. Galvin, B.A., J.D., Tutor in Clinical Studies.
Frederick S. Gold, A.B., J.D., Tutor in Clinical Studies.
Robin S. Golden, B.A., J.D., Tutor in Clinical Studies.
Peter B. Hance, B.S., J.D., Tutor in Clinical Studies.
Beverly J. Hodgson, A.B., J.D., Tutor in Clinical Studies.
Joseph C. Hutchison, B.A., J.D., Tutor in Clinical Studies.
Clarance J. Jones, A.B., J.D., Tutor in Clinical Studies.
Hugh F. Keefe, B.A., J.D., Tutor in Clinical Studies.
Anthony J. Lasala, B.A., LL.B., Tutor in Clinical Studies.
Donna F. Martinez, M.S.W., J.D., Tutor in Clinical Studies.
Margaret P. Mason, B.A., J.D., Tutor in Clinical Studies.
P. J. Pittman, B.A., J.D., Tutor in Clinical Studies.
Stephen C. Robinson, B.A., J.D., Tutor in Clinical Studies.
Barry R. Schaller, B.A., J.D., Tutor in Clinical Studies.
Michael O. Sheehan, M.A., J.D., Tutor in Clinical Studies.
David X. Sullivan, J.D., LL.M., Tutor in Clinical Studies.
James E. Swaine, B.A., J.D., Tutor in Clinical Studies.
Rolan Joni Young, A.B., J.D., Tutor in Clinical Studies.
Deena R. Hurwitz, B.A., J.D., Robert M. Cover/Allard K. Lowenstein Fellow in International Human Rights.
Carol M. Suzuki, B.A., J.D., Robert M. Cover Clinical Teaching Fellow.
Karen Kithan Yau, B.A., J.D., Robert M. Cover Clinical Teaching Fellow.

Tutors in Law
Marcia Chambers, M.A., M.S.L.
Robert Hockett, M.A., LL.M.

Assistants in Instruction

Coker Fellows
Jeff James Bowen, B.A., B.F.A.
Erin F. Casey, B.A.
Stephen C. Chien, A.B.
Jonathan Abraham Cohen, B.A.
Willow Dawn Crystal, A.B., a.m.
Rebecca Gabrielle Deutsch, B.A.
Elizabeth Francis Emens, B.A.
Jenia Atanassova Iontcheva, B.A.
Cynthia Denise Johnson, A.B.
Theodore David Jones, A.B.
Colleen Marie Kennedy, A.B.
Winter King, B.A.
Andrew Marc Levine, B.A.
Leslie Ann Meltzer, B.A., M.SC.
Paul Mark Rohrer, B.A.
Reshma M. Saujani, A.B., M.P.P.
Alexandra T. Schimmer, A.B., M.PHIL.
Amanda Schreiber, B.A.
Matthew Robert Segal, B.A.
Jed Ellis Shugerman, B.A.
Sonja Birgita Starr, A.B.
Simon Daniel Stern, B.A., PH.D.

Library Professional Staff
S. Blair Kauffman, J.D., LL.M., M.L.L., Law Librarian and Professor of Law.
Margaret Chisholm, M.L.S., J.D., Public Services Librarian.
Martha Clark, B.S., M.L.S., Information Access Manager.
Gene P. Coakley, Faculty Services Librarian.
Bonnie Collier, M.A., M.L.S., Associate Librarian for Administration.
Stephanie Davidson, J.D., M.L.S., Electronic Services Librarian.
Mark Engsberg, J.D., M.L.S., M.A., PH.D., Reference Librarian.
Jo-Anne Giammattei, B.S., M.L.S., Acquisitions Librarian.
Harvey Hull, B.A., M.L.S., Rare Books Librarian.
Mary Jane Kelsey, M.B.A., M.L.S., Associate Librarian for Technical Services.
Kenneth E. Rudolf, M.LIBR., J.D., PH.D., Head of Reference.
Stephanie Schmitt, B.A., M.L.S., Serials Librarian.
Fred R. Shapiro, M.S., J.D., Associate Librarian for Public Services.
Michelle E. Sullivan, B.A., M.L.S., Senior Catalogue Librarian.
Tracy L. Thompson, B.A., J.D., Assistant Librarian for International Law.
Daniel Wade, M.S., J.D., Associate Librarian for Foreign and International Law.
Marie Whited, M.L.S., Head of Cataloging.

Managerial and Professional Staff
Karen Alderman, B.A., J.D., Director of Human Resources.
Kevin J. Bailey, B.A., M.A.R., User Support Specialist, Student Computing.
Patricia Barnes, Director of Financial Aid.
Elizabeth A. S. Beaudin, M.A., PH.D., Associate Director and Systems Analyst, Computer Services.
Cynthia J. Breault, Assistant Director of Finance and Administration.
Theresa J. Bryant, B.S., J.D., Executive Director and Director of Public Interest Counseling and Programs, Career Development Office.
Joseph F. Cafasso, Jr., B.S., Computer User Support Specialist.
Deborah J. Cantrell, M.A., J.D., Director of Projects on the Profession.
Jennifer M. Choo, M.A., J.D., Program Coordinator, The China Law Center.
Jan Conroy, B.S., M.S., Associate Director, Public Affairs.
John Davie, B.SC., Manager, Audio Visual Services and Computer User Support Specialist, Computer Services.
Renee DeMatteo, Computer User Support Specialist.
Marianne Dietz, Assistant to the Dean.
Louise C. DiMeo, Assistant Director of Financial Aid.
Marilyn F. Drees, B.A., J.D., Director of Judicial Clerkships and Fellowships, Career Development Office.
William C. Fray, B.A., M.L.S., Manager of Network Services, Computer Services.
Matthew Gochberg, B.A., J.D., Director of Philanthropic and Financial Planning.
Jonathan Hecht, J.D., M.A.L.D., Deputy Director, The China Law Center.
Barbara Johnson, B.A., Director of Finance and Administration.
Greg Kader, Assistant Dining Hall Manager.
David LaCroix, B.S., Dining Hall Manager.
Bernard Logan-Boger, B.S., Assistant Director, Yale Law School Fund.
Annette B. Michaels, b.l.s., M.B.A., Director of Graduate Programs.
Lucy Mignone, B.A., Deputy Director, Yale Law School Fund.
Judith L. Miller, J.D., LL.M., Director of Academic Research Programs.
Susan Monsen, B.S., M.S., Director of Computer Services.
Georganne Rogers, Executive Assistant to the Dean.
Margie Schultz, Supervisor of Building Services.
Christine B. Severson, B.A., Director of Recruitment Programs, Career Development Office.
Zina K. Shaffer, Registrar.
Laura Shipp, B.S., Assistant Director of Human Resources.
James J. Silk, M.A., J.D., Executive Director, The Orville H. Schell, Jr. Center for International Human Rights.
Pamela E. Sims, Alumni Affairs Coordinator.
Elizabeth Stauderman, B.A., Director of Public Affairs.
Kathy Stoddard, B.S., M.S., Office Manager, Legal Services Organization.
Kelly J. Voight, B.A., J.D., Director of Private Sector Counseling and Programs, Career Development Office.
Roger Watson, Supervisor of Custodial Services.
Jean K. Webb, B.A., M.DIV., Director of Admissions.
Leslie D. West, B.A., Executive Director, Yale Law School Fund.

* On leave of absence, 2001-2002
† On leave of absence, fall term, 2001-2002
‡ On leave of absence, spring term, 2002

The Study of Law at Yale University

The primary educational purpose of Yale Law School is to train lawyers and leaders in the public and private sectors. Its primary scholarly role is to encourage research in law. Throughout much of the School's history, its teachers, students, and deans have taken a broad view of the role of law and lawyers in society. The School has sought to train lawyers for public service and teaching as well as for private practice, to advance inquiry at the boundaries of the law as well as to inculcate knowledge at the core. The professional orientation is enriched by a setting hospitable to a wide variety of intellectual currents and designed to produce lawyers who are creative, sensitive, and open to new ideas.

Many Yale leaders have spoken, in the idiom of their day, of these multiple tasks. President-designate Ezra Stiles in 1777 looked to "the Expediency of establishing and endowing Professorships of Law in the American universities'' with a view to the promotion of "a Community abounding with men well instructed in the Knowledge of their Rights and Liberties.'' In 1874 President Woolsey recalled the theme:

Let the school, then, be regarded no longer as simply the place for training men to plead causes, to give advice to clients, to defend criminals; but let it be regarded as the place of instruction in all sound learning relating to the foundations of justice, the doctrine of government, to all those branches of knowledge which the most Þnished statesman and legislator ought to know.

Again, in 1920 Dean Thomas W. Swan posed the dual task:

A university law school has two functions. It aims by the case method of instruction to train its students so that they may become successful practitioners in their chosen profession. It aims also or at least it should aim, though too few schools have recognized this obligation, to aid in improving the law by scientiÞc and analytical study of existing laws, by comparative study of the jurisprudence of other countries, by criticism of defects and suggestion for improvement in the administration of law and in methods of legislation, and by relating law to other institutions of human society. . . . It is the duty of a university law school to emphasize through research and publication by its faculty and through the character of its instruction, this broader base of legal education, as well as to give merely professional training.

History of the School
Instruction in law at Yale College was begun in 1801 with the appointment of Elizur Goodrich as professor of law. Goodrich lectured to undergraduates on general aspects of municipal and international law. Yale soon developed a relationship with a proprietary law school, which had grown up to provide systematic instruction for the apprentices in attorneys' offices in New Haven. By 1824 the names of the students in that school were printed in the Yale catalogue. This date therefore is usually taken to mark the founding of Yale Law School, although the first LL.B. degree was not conferred until 1843. Judge David Daggett, who taught in the Law School, succeeded Goodrich as professor of law in Yale College, lecturing on law to seniors. With the aid of other Connecticut judges, public men, and practitioners, these two men carried on the School for more than twenty years.

While Yale Law School did have some distinguished professors and alumni in its early years, it was perhaps better known for a shortage of students, money, and facilities. Though the University allowed its name to be used, the School continued to be run as a proprietary institution; the faculty were responsible for financial losses and, on rare occasions, were able to distribute dividends among themselves.

After the Civil War, the Law School was rejuvenated by three young New Haven lawyers: Simeon E. Baldwin, Johnston T. Platt, and William C. Robinson. Professor Robinson was acting dean until Francis Wayland became the first dean of the School in 1873. President Woolsey later reported on this stage of the School's history, drawing on Professor Robinson's account.

To any but three sanguine youths, with an ardent love for their profession, the prospect would have been discouraging. The school was unendowed. It had almost no students. Its only lecture room was over a saloon. It had a small library of valuable but antiquated books. It had only the name of Yale to conjure by. They advertised the School, remodelled the curriculum, engaged eminent lecturers, rigidly maintained a high standard of scholarship, and in three years they had gathered together Þfty students. ÒWe were astonishedÕÕ [Robinson said] Òat our own success; and saw then what others have seen, that if you plant but a dry chip from one of EliÕs ancient elms, and water and nurse it well, it will grow into a vigorous and fruitful tree.ÕÕ

During the period 1869 to 1895, the modern law library was organized, the first effort to raise an endowment made, and the first law school building constructed. It was also during this period that The Yale Law Journal was begun. Led by Baldwin, the faculty of the Law School played a significant part in founding the American Bar Association and what was ultimately to become the Association of American Law Schools. Intellectually the School was noted for its efforts to pioneer graduate programs in law, the degree of Master of Laws being offered for the first time in 1876. The School also experimented, largely unsuccessfully, with the B.C.L. degree, designed "for those not intending to enter any active business or professional career, but who wish to acquire an enlarged acquaintance with our political and legal systems, and the rules by which they are governed.''

In 1890, Yale Law School had roughly 100 students, while Harvard and Columbia had 265 and 456 respectively. Perhaps what distinguished Yale most from the leading schools was that, with the exception of the dean, there were no full-time faculty. Teaching was done part time by local practitioners.

Early in the twentieth century the organization of the Law School was put on a new and firmer footing. By 1902, the LL.B. curriculum had been extended, with few exceptions, from two years to three; in 1911, Yale followed the leading schools by requiring a B.A. of all incoming students (except those from Yale College). In 1904 the Yale Corporation at last undertook financial responsibility for the Law School, thereby relieving faculty members of liability for losses. Perhaps most important of all was the decision, finally made clear in 1903, to appoint mainly full-time instructors. And it was particularly fortunate that Arthur L. Corbin was among the first of these. Under Corbin's influence, the School slowly moved away from the "Yale Method of Instruction''-consisting of lectures and recitations-toward the case method, which had been developed by Christopher Columbus Langdell at Harvard and was formally sanctioned by the Yale faculty in 1912.

By the time Thomas Swan was appointed dean in 1916, Yale Law School was positioned to emerge as an important intellectual center for legal studies, with a distinctive viewpoint and curricular policy. The presence on the faculty of William Howard Taft, who had been president of the United States and was to become chief justice, added a note of political distinction to the scholarly achievements of such men as Wesley N. Hohfeld, Walter Wheeler Cook, Ernest G. Lorenzen, and briefly, Karl Llewellyn.

The next step came during the deanships of Robert Hutchins (1927-29) and Charles Clark (1929-39). The faculty and corporation decided that Yale should remain a small school, with an excellent faculty-student ratio, and should have a carefully selected student body. Thus in the late twenties, Yale, instead of admitting large numbers of students and then failing many, began to apply strict tests for selection. Later, Yale made a decision to admit only 100 students a year. The School was also put on a sounder financial basis.

Under Dean Hutchins and Dean Clark, the School attracted a vigorous and dynamic faculty, including William O. Douglas, Underhill Moore, Thurman Arnold, Edwin Borchard, Walton Hamilton, Wesley Sturges, and Edward Robinson. Yale became a center of the realist movement. Links to social sciences were forged and faculty members were drawn into public service by the New Deal administration.

The postrealist period at Yale has been marked by efforts to develop better approaches to the theoretical and practical study of law. In particular, progress has been made in integrating law with the humanities and the social sciences in a sophisticated and systematic fashion. Economists, historians, philosophers, political scientists, psychologists, psychoanalysts, and sociologists have been members of the faculty since the early thirties, and have contributed to the development of a mature understanding of law. Today, at Yale, many legal scholars are professionally trained in one of these sister disciplines.

The School has remained relatively small and highly selective. Each fall it now chooses a class of approximately 180 students from more than 5,000 applicants. Since 1955, it has pioneered the small-group approach. Some first-term courses have been taught as seminars since 1956, and in subsequent years a broad array of optional seminars and independent research has been available.

Yale Law School is on the approved list of the American Bar Association and is a charter member of the Association of American Law Schools.

Educational Currents
When the case method was introduced in American law schools by Langdell of Harvard in the latter part of the nineteenth century, its advocates hoped to base the study of law upon actual cases rather than abstract concepts. By close reasoning upon a series of appellate decisions, usually arranged in chronological order, the student would be encouraged to search for a "truer'' rule of law than could be found in treatises. Concreteness and particularity were to be emphasized, in contrast to the rather loose generalizations of the older textbooks. The case method was regarded as a better way to teach legal rules, as well as a way to learn how the rules had been derived. The "case'' also lent itself well to a philosophy that viewed law and the judicial decision as a slice of a broader societal experience.

In some areas, however, using the appellate opinion as the exclusive source of "case'' material was too limited for learning about legal rules, much less about the legal system. This narrowness of focus was attacked by the two schools of thought loosely called sociological jurisprudence and realist jurisprudence. Sociological jurisprudence has attempted to locate law and legal institutions in the context of the entire social process, paying attention not only to courts but also to legislatures, administrators, and the consumers of law-the people. Complementing this macroscopic view, legal realism has sought to achieve a "micro'' perspective: Why do the participants in the process behave as they do? What effect does doctrine have upon them and they upon doctrine? What assumptions of behavior underlie legal rules, and what are the consequences of adopting one rule rather than another? The work of sociological and realist jurisprudence in the 1920s and 1930s deeply affected the attitudes of many teachers and lawyers; it made them skeptical of old faiths and determined to find new ones better anchored in the facts and aspirations of the society.

Since World War II, casebooks have been made up of "cases and materials'' where once there were only appellate opinions. There have been efforts to blend sociological and realist views, to incorporate "policy science,'' or to portray law in terms of context and process.

Many courses make use of the findings, concepts, and suggestions of the social sciences. The recent past has seen efforts to expand the forms of training and areas of experience. The clinical program, for example, offers the opportunity to work with facts and to reflect on their central role in the work of lawyers and their impact on the development of law. Yet the appellate cases are still the main raw material of legal education. By the end of most courses students are encouraged to patch together a fabric of law, torn and riddled as it may be, by tracing the experience reflected in appellate cases and other materials.

The case method is practiced here in a variety of ways-some closer to the original Langdell model, some using it as a way of pressing toward the development of theory, some drawing the student into a Socratic exchange. Students practice moving quickly in and out of complex fact situations, grasping what is known and what is not. They become especially skilled in showing the limits and inadequacies of what is proffered by others.

The first-term curriculum for candidates matriculating for the degree of J.D. is prescribed. It attempts to introduce the core of Anglo-American legal reasoning and legal culture through four courses: Constitutional Law, Contracts, Procedure, and Torts. One of these courses is taught in a seminar, normally of not more than seventeen students, in which students are also instructed in legal research and writing. First-term students also receive instruction in Professional Responsibility. For the remaining five terms, students are free to select their own curriculum, the only other requirements being the course in Criminal Law and Administration and the writing requirements, which are described under Academic Requirements.

A student will normally take from 12 to 16 credits each term. Courses in graduate departments and professional schools throughout the University are available to law students. In addition, credit is given for many forensic activities. Some students concentrate on the more traditional fare of large courses in major areas of the law, such as business law, constitutional law, property, and taxation. Others for the most part take seminars and independent work with faculty members or participate intensively in the Law School's varied clinical programs. Most combine these approaches. Extracurricular interests differ widely. Some students spend a great deal of time on work outside their courses; others devote most of their energy to the courses.

As the acceptable forms of legal study grow steadily more diverse, students can pursue special interests. The faculty encourage catholicity and support individual reading courses and research for those with particular interests or research designs. Students who seem to enjoy most and benefit most from the Law School view it as a hospitable environment within which to take the initiative in pursuing course, research, and extracurricular interests.

The Law School is a distinct community within the University. The level of talent and ambition produces a degree of intellectual probing and assertion that may disquiet some students but that others will find agreeably provocative. The atmosphere is conducive to the development of those analytical and verbal skills that are widely held to be essential to a well-educated lawyer.

The Charge to Students
The following sections contain the course offerings, a general description of the requirements for graduation from Yale Law School, and information concerning various academic options. Students are charged with notice of the contents of this bulletin.

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