Psychology
2 Hillhouse, 432.4500
www.yale.edu/psychology/
M.S., M.Phil., Ph.D.
Chair
Marcia Johnson (432.4545, marcia.johnson@yale.edu)
Director of Graduate Studies
John Dovidio [F] (436.1315, john.dovidio@yale.edu)
Susan Nolen-Hoeksema [Sp] (432.0699, susan.nolen-hoeksema@yale.edu)
Professors
Woo-kyoung Ahn, Stephen Anderson (Linguistics), John Bargh, Sidney Blatt (Psychiatry), Paul Bloom, Thomas Brown, Kelly Brownell, Marvin Chun, Margaret Clark, Ravi Dhar (School of Management), John Dovidio, Carol Fowler (Haskins Laboratories), Donald Green (Political Science; ISPS), Marcia Johnson, Alan Kazdin, Frank Keil, Marianne LaFrance (Women’s, Gender & Sexuality Studies), James Leckman (Pediatrics), Lawrence Marks (Epidemiology & Public Health), Gregory McCarthy, Susan Nolen-Hoeksema, Donald Quinlan (Psychiatry), Peter Salovey, Fred Volkmar (Child Study Center), Victor Vroom (School of Management), Allan Wagner, Karen Wynn
Associate Professors
Larry Davidson (Psychiatry), Karyn Frick, Elena Grigorenko (Child Study Center), Jeannette Ickovics (Epidemiology & Public Health), Robert Kerns (Veterans Administration Medical Center), Ami Klin (Child Study Center), Linda Mayes (Child Study Center), Laurie Santos, Brian Scholl, Mary Schwab-Stone (Child Study Center), Kathleen Sikkema (Psychiatry), Jane Taylor (Psychiatry), Teresa Treat
Assistant Professors
Maria Babyonyshev (Linguistics), William Corbin, Walter Gilliam (Child Study Center), Jeremy Gray, Joan Kaufman (Psychiatry), Julia Kim-Cohen, Douglas Mennin, Nathan Novemsky (School of Management), Maria Piñango (Linguistics), Valerie Purdie-Vaughns, Mark Schaefer (Child Study Center), Glenn Schafe
Lecturers
Marc Brackett, James Charney, Nancy Close, Gil Diesendruck, Nelson Donegan, Carla Horwitz, David Klemanski, Kristi Lockhart, Burton Saxon
Fields of Study
Fields include behavioral neuroscience; clinical psychology; cognitive psychology; developmental psychology; social/personality psychology.
Special Admissions Requirement
The department requires that scores from the GRE General Test accompany an application.
Special Requirements for the Ph.D. Degree
In order to allow each student to be trained in accordance with his or her own interests and career goals, the general requirements of the department are kept to a minimum. The formal requirements are: (1) Course work selected to meet the individual’s objectives with a minimum of three basic-level courses and one course in data analysis. Two of the three required basic-level courses must be in two different areas of psychology outside the student’s main area of concentration. The basic-level course requirement must be completed by the end of the second year. Students must attain an Honors grade in at least two term courses by the end of the second year of study. (2) Nine units of teaching are required in years two through four. (3) Completion of a predissertation research project, to be initiated not later than the second term and completed not later than May 1 of the second year. Certification of this research project as well as performance in course work and other evidence of scholarly work at a level commensurate with doctoral study, as judged by the faculty, are necessary for continuation beyond the second year. (4) Submission of a dissertation prospectus, and a theme essay that demonstrates the candidate’s comprehensive knowledge and understanding of the area of concentration. Certification of the theme essay completes the qualifying examination. (5) Approval of the dissertation by an advisory committee and the passing of an oral examination on the dissertation and its general scientific implications. The theme essay and the dissertation prospectus are completed during the third year. Students are then formally admitted to Ph.D. candidacy. The dissertation area review of the literature must be approved prior to receipt by the readers of a preliminary draft of the dissertation. There are no language requirements.
The faculty considers teaching to be an essential element of the professional preparation of graduate students in Psychology. For this reason participation in the Teaching Fellow Program is a degree requirement for all doctoral students. They are expected to serve as teaching fellows for a total of nine teaching fellow units over the course of the second through fourth years in the program. Opportunities for teaching are matched as closely as possible with students’ academic interests.
Combined Ph.D. Program
A combined Ph.D. degree with African American Studies is available. Consult departments for details.
Master’s Degrees
M.Phil. The academic requirements for the M.Phil. degree are the same as for the Ph.D. degree except for the submission of a prospectus, a dissertation area review, and the completion and defense of a dissertation, which define the Ph.D.
M.S. (en route to the Ph.D.). The M.S. degree is awarded upon satisfactory completion of the second year of the program leading to the Ph.D. degree and also of the departmental predissertation research requirement.
Program materials are available online at www.yale.edu/psychology.
Courses
PSYC 502au,Learning Theory. Allan Wagner.
T 1.30–3.20
This course is concerned with the development of Learning Theory from its beginnings in Associationism, Behaviorism, and Darwinian revolution to its present “connectionistic,” neural-network expressions. It emphasizes the systematic implication of studies of animal learning for commenting on the theoretical representations of knowledge and the principles of behavior modification.
[PSYC 503a, Memory.]
[PSYC 507a, Health Psychology: Clinical and Social Foundations.]
[PSYC 511b, Cognitive Development.]
PSYC 518a, Data Analysis: Quantitative Variables. John Dovidio.
MW 9–10.15
Introduction to the analysis of quantitative data from experiments—primarily the analysis of variance and contrast analyses. Some coverage of correlation and regression. Required of first-year students except with instructor’s permission.
[PSYC 520bu,Multivariate Data Analysis with Latent Variables.]
[PSYC 521bu,Multivariate Data Analysis with Observable Variables.]
[PSYC 523b, Cognitive Neuroscience.]
[PSYC 524au,Concepts and Categorization.]
[PSYC 525a, Minds of Infants.]
PSYC 526b, Research Methods in Human Neuroscience. Gregory McCarthy.
Th 1.30–5
[PSYC 528a, Gender and Psychopathology.]
[PSYC 532bu,Gene-Environment Interplay in Human Behavior.]
[PSYC 539b, Psychopathology and Its Treatment.]
[PSYC 540b, Changing Behavior in Applied Settings.]
PSYC 541a, Research Methods in Psychology. Alan Kazdin.
W 2.30–4.20
Research design, methodology, and evaluation considered in the context of clinical research. Emphasis on experimental and quasi-experimental designs, threats to validation, confounding, sources of artifact and bias, alternative assessment strategies, and data evaluation methods.
[PSYC 543a, History and Development of Psychological Theory.]
[PSYC 553a, Behavioral Decision Making I.]
PSYC 554b, Behavioral Decision Making II. Nathan Novemsky.
T 4.10–7.10
This seminar examines research on the psychology of decision making, focusing on judgment. Although the normative issue of how decisions should be made is relevant, the descriptive issue of how decisions are made is the main focus of the course. Topics of discussion include judgment heuristics and biases, confidence and calibration, issues of well-being including predictions and experiences, regret and counterfactuals, and other topics. The goal of the seminar is threefold: to foster a critical appreciation of existing knowledge in behavioral decision theory, to develop the students’ skills in identifying and testing interesting research ideas, and to explore research opportunities for adding to that knowledge. Students generally enroll from a variety of disciplines, including cognitive and social psychology, behavioral economics, finance, marketing, political science, medicine, and public health. Also MGMT 754b.
PSYC 556b, Developmental Psychopathology. Julia Kim-Cohen.
M 1.30–3.20
This course provides an overview of the theoretical and empirical literature in the field of developmental psychopathology. Psychopathology is studied as a series of models of atypical development that can elucidate underlying mechanisms of stability and change. Although emphasis is placed on the causes and correlates of child and adolescent psychopathology, continuities and discontinuities in psychopathology across the lifespan are also covered. Readings include epidemiological, experimental, neurobiological, psychosocial, and ecological perspectives. Theoretical, methodological, and clinical implications of empirical findings are discussed.
PSYC 557b, Social Psychology and Relationships. Margaret Clark.
W 9.25–11.15
The course focuses on determinants of initial attraction and interpersonal processes that serve to promote high-quality relationships and detract from high-quality relationships, along with individual differences and how they relate to those processes. Initial sessions focus on ways of conceptualizing attraction and relationships. The remaining sessions (constituting the bulk of the course) are organized around the theories that have organized the empirical research in this field including evolutionary approaches, interdependence theory, attachment theory, self-evaluation maintenance theory, along with other approaches. Grades are based on participation in the seminar and on three written assignments linked to the material covered in each third of the class. Each assignment can take the form either of answering a set of distributed questions that require knowledge of the material covered but which also require going beyond that material to explore some implications of the work, or proposing a specific study relating to the material covered but also going beyond that material in some way.
[PSYC 569a, Psychology’s Contribution to Gender and Vice Versa.]
[PSYC 570b, Nonverbal Communication.]
PSYC 572b, Neurobiology of Learning and Memory. Thomas Brown.
T 1.30–3.20
The goal is to comprehend the field of memory across several levels of analysis, including synapses, neurons, circuits, systems, behavior, and cognition. The emphasis is on mammalian memory systems that are sufficiently well understood to begin unifying facts and principles across these levels using suitable combinations of theoretical approaches to computational neuroscience. Also NSCI 614b.
[PSYC 605bu,The Relation of Speech to Language.]
[PSYC 607bu,Causal Thinking and Perception.]
PSYC 608bu,Cognitive Science of Ignorance. Frank Keil.
M 1.30–3.20
Examination of how adults and children make sense of the artificial and natural world with incomplete knowledge and understanding. Topics include awareness of one’s knowledge limits, mistakes in understanding, gullibility and cynicism, deference, the division of cognitive labor, knowledge management, and science literacy.
[PSYC 617bu,Evolutionary Psychology.]
[PSYC 620, Topics in Cognitive Development.]
PSYC 621bu,Cognitive Science of Pleasure. Paul Bloom.
T 1.30–3.20
What do we like, and why do we like it? This seminar examines the pleasure that we get from sex, food, art, fiction, consumer products, and religious rituals. The approach is eclectic, drawing on fields such as behavioral economics and neuroeconomics, evolutionary theory, cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, and analytic philosophy.
[PSYC 625a, Emotion and Cognitive Control.]
[PSYC 627au,Topics in Infant Studies.]
PSYC 628bu,Social and Emotional Learning. Jeremy Gray.
T 3.30–5.20
We review work in social cognitive and affective neuroscience, with some consideration of its relevance for learning and education. Topics are likely to include emotion, emotion regulation, altruism, close relationships, aggression, autism, mindfulness meditation, personality, moral reasoning, emotional intelligence, and self-control/impulsivity. We consider the plasticity and development of social-emotional abilities, as well as their expression in adults.
[PSYC 637bu,Emotion Function and Dysfunction: Applications to Psychopathology.]
[PSYC 639bu,Interpersonal Attraction and Relationships.]
[PSYC 640b, Transdisciplinarity: A New Research Approach to Address Complex Scientific Problems.]
PSYC 644bu,Neurobiology of Emotion. Glenn Schafe.
T 9.25–11.15
This course focuses on the brain circuitries involved in emotion and emotional learning and memory. We begin by considering the emotion research in a historical context, then discuss progress that has been made in understanding the neurobiology of emotion in both laboratory animals and humans.
[PSYC 645a, Neuropsychology of Aging.]
[PSYC 648bu,Cellular Analysis of Learning and Memory: Vertebrate Model Systems.]
PSYC 649au,Topics in Syntax: Specific Language Impairment. Maria Babyonyshev.
W 2.30–4.20
An exploration of the nature of Specific Language Impairment (SLI), a developmental linguistic disorder with a genetic basis, from a linguistic perspective. Topics include precise characterization of the impairment, distinct subtypes of SLI, cross-linguistic variation in SLI, changes in the symptoms of SLI over time, and recent theoretical models of the impairment. Prerequisite: one course in syntax or permission of instructor. Also LING 662au.
[PSYC 650au,Topics in Syntax: The Syntax-Semantics Interface.]
[PSYC 654bu,Sensory Information Processing.]
PSYC 657a, Social and Behavioral Influences on Health. Jeannette Ickovics.
T 1–2.50
This course provides students with an introduction to social and behavioral science issues that influence patterns of health and health care delivery. The focus is on the integration of biomedical, social, psychological, and behavioral factors that must be taken into consideration when public health initiatives are developed and implemented. This course emphasizes the integration of research from the social and behavioral sciences with epidemiology and biomedical sciences. Also CDE 505a.
PSYC 659bu,Addictive Behaviors. William Corbin.
T 1.30–3.20
An introduction to the field of addictive behaviors. Three areas of focus include defining, assessing, and diagnosing addictive behaviors as well as reviewing epidemiology research on alcohol and drug abuse and negative consequences of normative alcohol and drug use: examining factors that contribute to alcohol- and drug-related problems, including genetic, physiological, neurochemical, cognitive, and social factors; and evaluating current prevention and treatment approaches for addictive behaviors.
PSYC 664a, Health and Aging. Becca Levy.
Since 1900, the number of individuals sixty-five years and older has tripled and life expectancy has increased by about thirty years. In this seminar we examine some of the health issues related to this growing segment of the population. The class discussions address such questions as (1) How does the aging process differ between cultures? and (2) What kinds of interventions can best reduce morbidity in old age? This course integrates psychosocial and biomedical approaches to the study of aging.
PSYC 684a, Introduction to Psychotherapy: Technique. David Klemanski.
HTBA
Introduction to basic clinical skills and clinical issues. Topics for discussion include developing a therapeutic relationship, barriers to effective communication, strategies for managing resistance, and developing a professional identity. Class format includes informal discussion, assigned readings, and student case presentations. Permission of instructor required. Enrollment limited to fifteen.
PSYC 684b, Introduction to Psychotherapy: Technique. David Klemanski.
HTBA
The focus of this seminar is on formulating and conceptualizing psychological problems from a cognitive-behavioral perspective. Special consideration is paid to individual and cultural diversity in conceptualizing cases and planning treatment. Also discussed are ways in which cognitive-behavioral perspectives can be integrated with other theoretical orientations (e.g., interpersonal theory, experiential therapy).
PSYC 689a, Psychopathology and Diagnostic Assessment. Douglas Mennin.
HTBA
Didactic practicum for first-year clinical students. Main emphasis is initial assessment. Treatment planning and evaluation of progress also covered. Students first observe and then perform initial interviews. Applicable ethics and local laws reviewed.
PSYC 690b, Ethics and Clinical Practice: Legislation and Diversity Issues. David Klemanski.
HTBA
Introduction to ethical and legal guidelines for clinical practice. In addition, supervision on diagnostic interview using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV is provided.
PSYC 702, Current Work in Cognition. Faculty.
T 12–1.30
A weekly seminar in which students, staff, and guests report on their research in cognition and information processing.
PSYC 704, Current Work in Behavioral Neuroscience. Allan Wagner [F], Faculty [Sp].
Th 3–4.30
An informal student/faculty seminar in which each participant chooses, lays groundwork for, and presents some current work in behavioral neuroscience. Currently emphasizes the psychobiology of learning, but involves a variety of research approaches, designs, and methods.
PSYC 708, Current Work in Developmental Psychology.
W 12–1.30
A luncheon meeting of the faculty and graduate students in developmental psychology for reports of current research and discussion on topics of general interest.
PSYC 710, Current Work in Social Psychology and Personality.
M 12–1.30
Faculty and students in personality/social psychology meet during lunchtime to hear about and discuss the work of a local or visiting speaker.
PSYC 711, Current Work in Child Development and Social Policy. Walter Gilliam, Edward Zigler, Sandra Bishop-Josef.
F 11.30–12.20
A series of lectures by guest speakers from academia, various levels of government, community organizations, service agencies, the business world, and the media. Speakers discuss their work and its social policy implications. Topics may include early childhood education, child care, intervention programs for children and families, education reform, mental health, child and family policies, research at the intersection of psychology and social policy, and media presentation of child and family issues, among others.
PSYC 720, Current Work in Clinical Psychology. Julia Kim-Cohen.
Th 12–1.30
Basic and applied current research in clinical and community psychology is presented by faculty, visiting scientists, and graduate students, and examined in terms of theory, methodology, and ethical and professional implications.
PSYC 721, Research Topics in Infant Cognition. Karen Wynn.
HTBA
Investigation of various topics in infant cognition: early mechanisms for representing and reasoning about number; infants’ ability to represent time; early object knowledge; foundations of intentional understanding. Permission of instructor required.
PSYC 722, Research Topics in Eating and Weight Disorders. Kelly Brownell.
HTBA
In-depth discussion and analysis of current research topics on bulimia, anorexia nervosa, and obesity. Topics include, but are not limited to, physiology, cultural influences, treatment studies, body image, binge eating, and epidemiology.
[PSYC 723a, Research Topics in Child and Adolescent Therapy.]
[PSYC 724a, Research Topics in Child Development and Social Policy.]
PSYC 725, Research Topics in Human Neuroscience. Gregory McCarthy.
HTBA
[PSYC 726, Research Topics in Mood Regulation and Mental Health.]
PSYC 729, Research Topics in Language and Cognition. Paul Bloom.
HTBA
Seminar focusing on ongoing research projects in language, cognition, and development. Permission of instructor required.
PSYC 730, Research Topics in Addictive Behaviors. William Corbin.
HTBA
A forum for graduate students conducting research on alcohol and drug abuse.
PSYC 731, Research Topics in Cognition and Development. Frank Keil.
HTBA
A weekly seminar discussing research topics concerning cognition and development. Primary focus on high-level cognition, including such issues as the nature of intuitive or folk theories, conceptual change, relations between word meaning and conceptual structure, understandings of divisions of cognitive labor, and reasoning about causal patterns.
PSYC 732, Research Topics in Visual Cognitive Neuroscience. Marvin Chun.
HTBA
Examines current research in visual cognitive neuroscience, including discussion of proposed and ongoing research projects. Topics include visual attention, perception, memory, and contextual learning.
PSYC 734, Research Topics in Anxiety Disorders. Douglas Mennin.
HTBA
We examine current conceptualizations of anxiety disorders, with particular emphasis on generalized anxiety disorder. Topics include the utility of an emotion-regulation perspective in understanding and treating anxiety disorders.
[PSYC 735, Research Topics in Thinking.]
PSYC 736, Research Topics in Stereotyping and Prejudice. John Dovidio.
HTBA
Explores the nature of prejudice in its traditional and contemporary forms. Although the emphasis is on the causes and consequences of racial bias in the United States, the dynamics of intergroup relations are considered more broadly, as well. Emphasis is on developing critical thinking, reading, and research skills to test ideas relevant to understanding and combating stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination.
PSYC 738, Research Topics in Cultural Diversity and Social Psychology. Valerie Purdie-Vaughns.
HTBA
Examines current research related to culture, intergroup relations, group processes, and diversity in social psychology. Discussions include proposed and ongoing research projects. Emphasis placed on building research skills for conducting empirical investigations (hypothesis testing, design, and analysis).
PSYC 739, Research Topics in Autism and Related Disorders. Fred Volkmar, Ami Klin.
F 9–10
Focus on research approaches in the study of autism and related conditions including both psychological and neurobiological processes. This seminar emphasizes the importance of understanding mechanisms in the developmental psychopathology of autism and related conditions.
PSYC 741, Research Topics in Emotion and Relationships. Margaret Clark.
HTBA
Members of this laboratory read, discuss, and critique current theoretical and empirical articles on relationships and on emotion (especially those relevant to the functions emotions serve within relationships). In addition, ongoing research on these topics is discussed along with designs for future research.
[PSYC 746b, Research Topics in Developmental Psychopathology.]
PSYC 747, Research Topics in Affective Neuroscience. Glenn Schafe.
HTBA
PSYC 748, Research Topics in Emotion and Cognitive Control. Jeremy Gray.
HTBA
This course covers (1) research in emotion and cognitive control, and (2) science communication skills. For research, the emphasis is on the design, conduct, and analysis of behavioral and fMRI studies, emphasizing individual differences. Once a month, we have a session on science communication skills, with topics chosen by students to meet their interests and needs (spoken research presentations, persuasive communication, graph design, Web design, and so on). Students may enroll in the course and attend only the science communication skills component.
PSYC 749, Research Topics in Memory. Marcia Johnson.
Th 2.30–4.20
Examines current research on cognition and memory, including discussion of proposed and ongoing research projects. Topics include issues in design, analysis, and interpretation of empirical studies exploring human memory.
PSYC 750, Research Topics in the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory. Thomas Brown.
HTBA
Discussion and analysis of current work on the neurobiological foundations of learning and memory systems in mammals. Informal weekly discussions span several levels of analysis, including molecular and biophysical studies, cellular and systems neurophysiology and neuro-anatomy, and contemporary behavioral neuroscience.
PSYC 751, Research Topics in Memory, Aging, and Neurobiology. Karyn Frick.
HTBA
PSYC 766, Research Topics in Perception and Cognition. Brian Scholl.
Th 1–3
A seminar-style discussion of recent research in perception and cognition, covering both recent studies from the literature and the ongoing research in the Yale Perception and Cognition Laboratory.
PSYC 767, Research Topics in Emotion, Health, and Social Behavior. Peter Salovey.
HTBA
A forum for graduate students conducting research in the Health, Emotion, and Behavior Laboratory.
[PSYC 768, Research Topics in Psychopathology and Cognitive Processing.]
[PSYC 770, Research Topics in Animal Learning.]
PSYC 771, Research Topics in Nonconscious Processes. John Bargh.
HTBA
The lab group focuses on nonconscious influences of motivation, attitudes, social power, and social representations (e.g., stereotypes) as they impact on interpersonal behavior, as well as the development and maintenance of close relationships.
PSYC 775, Research Topics in Animal Cognition. Laurie Santos.
HTBA
Investigation of various topics in animal cognition, including what nonhuman primates know about tools and foods; how nonhuman primates represent objects and number; whether nonhuman primates possess a theory of mind. Permission of instructor required.
PSYC 777, Research Topics in Gender and Psychology. Marianne LaFrance.
HTBA
The “Gender Lab” meets weekly to consider research being done in the department that bears on some gender-related issue.
PSYC 801, Clinical Internship (Child). Faculty.
Advanced training in clinical psychology with children. Adapted to meet individual needs with location at a suitable APA-approved internship setting.
PSYC 802, Clinical Internship (Adult). Faculty.
Advanced training in clinical psychology with adults. Adapted to meet individual needs with location at a suitable APA-approved internship setting.
PSYC 806, Practicum in Childhood Intervention. Faculty.
Advanced supervised work in settings where child and family policies are developed and/or implemented. Adapted to meet individual needs with location at suitable sites.
PSYC 808, Practicum in Child Psychology. Faculty.
The Yale Child Study Center offers a yearlong practicum, which includes assessment of children, psychotherapy, team meetings, supervision, and didactic experiences.
PSYC 809, Practicum in Assessment of School-Aged Children. Faculty.
An optional extension of PSYC 661. Students gain practical experience in testing with children.
PSYC 810, Practicum in Developmental Assessment. Linda Mayes.
Practicum in early childhood screening and assessment of infants and toddlers at high risk for social adaptive and emotional developmental problems.
PSYC 811, Anxiety Disorders Practicum. Douglas Mennin.
Discussion of current topics in psychopathology and treatment of anxiety disorders. Group supervision of therapy cases involving OCD, panic, social phobia.
PSYC 812, Conduct Problem Practicum. Alan Kazdin.
Provides training in the diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of aggressive and antisocial children and their families. Permission of the instructor required.
PSYC 813, Eating and Weight Disorders Practicum. Kelly Brownell, Marlene Schwartz.
Practical work for graduate students in clinical psychology on therapeutic interventions for eating and weight disorders. Assessment, diagnosis, and treatment are covered.
PSYC 815, Mood Disorders Practicum. David Klemansky.
HTBA
Supervised practicum in the assessment and treatment of mood disorders, with an emphasis on cognitive-behavioral perspectives.
PSYC 816b, Practicum in Developmental Disabilities and Developmental Assessment. Fred Volkmar, Ami Klin.
HTBA
An introduction to approaches in developmental assessment in infants and young children (under age five years) with a range of developmental difficulties. Students observe and/or participate in developmental assessments. Students are exposed to a range of assessment instruments including developmental tests, speech-communication assessments, and psychiatric diagnostic instruments appropriate to this age group. Permission of instructor required.
PSYC 817, Other Clinical Practica. Faculty.
For credit under this course number, clinical students register for practicum experiences other than those listed elsewhere in clinical psychology, so that transcripts reflect accurately the various practicum experiences completed.
PSYC 883, Practicum in Clinical Assessment. Donald Quinlan.
Supervised psychological assessment using measures of intellectual functioning, projective testing, and neuropsychological testing with patients.
PSYC 920, Individual Study: Dissertation Area Paper.
By arrangement with faculty.
PSYC 923, Individual Study: Theme Essay.
By arrangement with faculty.
PSYC 925, Individual Tutorial.
By arrangement with faculty and approval of director of graduate studies.
PSYC 930, Predissertation Research.
By arrangement with faculty.
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