International Affairs Council
The MacMillan Center
210 Luce Hall, 34 Hillhouse, 432.3418
www.yale.edu/macmillan/iac/mainternational.htm
M.A.
Chair
Julia Adams (Sociology)
Associate Chair and Director of Graduate Studies
Cheryl Doss (223 Luce Hall, 432.9395, cheryl.doss@yale.edu)
Professors
Julia Adams (Sociology), Abbas Amanat (History), Ivo Banac (History), Michele Barry (Medicine), Seyla Benhabib (Political Science), Frank Bia (Medicine), Paul Bracken (Management), Garry Brewer (Forestry & Environmental Studies; Schoool of Management), William Burch, Jr. (Forestry & Environmental Studies), Paul Bushkovitch (History), David Cameron (Political Science), Amy Chua (Law), Deborah Davis (Sociology), Michael Dove (Forestry & Environmental Studies; Anthropology), Eduardo Engel (Economics), Laura Engelstein (History), J. Joseph Errington (Anthropology), Daniel Esty (Forestry & Environmental Studies; Law), Robert Evenson (Economics), Owen Fiss (Law), Paul Freedman (History), Ute Frevert (History), John Gaddis (History), Timothy Guinnane (Economics), Koichi Hamada (Economics), Valerie Hansen (History), Robert Harms (History), Paula Hyman (History), Gilbert Joseph (History), Donald Kagan (History), Stathis Kalyvas (Political Science), Stephen Kellert (Forestry & Environmental Studies), William Kelly (Anthropology), Paul Kennedy (History), Daniel Kevles (History), Benedict Kiernan (History), Harold Koh (Law), Theodore Marmor (Management), Enrique Mayer (Anthropology), Robert Mendelsohn (Forestry & Environmental Studies), John Merriman (History), William Nordhaus (Economics), Sharon Oster (Management), Gustav Ranis (Emeritus, Economics), W. Michael Reisman (Law), John Roemer (Political Science), Susan Rose-Ackerman (Political Science; Law), Frances McCall Rosenbluth (Political Science), K. Geert Rouwenhorst (Management), Bruce Russett (Political Science), Nicholas Sambanis (Political Science), Lamin Sanneh (Divinity; History), T. Paul Schultz (Economics), Stuart Schwartz (History), James Scott (Political Science), Martin Shubik (Management), Helen Siu (Anthropology), Stephen Skowronek (Political Science), Frank Snowden (History), Jonathan Spence (History), T. N. Srinivasan (Economics), Peter Swenson (Political Science), Ivan Szelenyi (Sociology), Frank Turner (History), Christopher Udry (Economics), John Wargo (Forestry & Environmental Studies), Jay Winter (History), Derek Yach (Epidemiology & Public Health)
Associate Professors
Michael Auslin (History), Marian Chertow (Forestry & Environmental Studies), Nora Groce (Epidemiology & Public Health), Oona Hathaway (Law), Ellen Lust-Okar (Political Science), Michael Mahoney (History), Linda-Anne Rebhun (Anthropology), Steven Stoll (History), James Vreeland (Political Science)
Assistant Professors
Jennifer Bair (Sociology), Patrick Cohrs (History), Keith Darden (Political Science), Thad Dunning (Political Science), Seth Fein (History), Beverly Gage (History), Michael Gasper (History), Kari Hartwig (Epidemiology & Public Health), Susan Hyde (Political Science), Dean Karlan (Economics), Kaveh Khoshnood (Epidemiology & Public Health), Pierre Landry (Political Science), Nikolay Marinov (Political Science), Michael McGovern (Anthropology), Mridu Rai (History), Vivek Sharma (Political Science), Hong Wang (Epidemiology & Public Health)
Lecturers
Lindsay Benstead (Political Science; Middle East Studies), Michael Boozer (Economics), Theodore Bromund (History), Cheryl Doss (Economics), Keller Easterling (Architecture), Stuart Gottlieb (International Affairs), Debbie Humphries (Epidemiology & Public Health), Jean Krasno (Political Science), Michael Oren (International Security Studies; History), Beth Daponte Osborne (Management), Pia Britto Rebello (International Affairs; Child Study Center), Michele Ruta (International Affairs), Nancy Ruther (Political Science), Sarah Snyder (International Affairs), James Sutterlin (Political Science), John Varty (International Affairs)
Adjunct and Visiting Professors
Daphna Canetti-Nisim (Visiting, Middle East Studies), Alexandra Guisinger (Visiting, International Affairs), Farhad Khosrokhavar (Visiting, Middle East Studies), Mary McCarthy (Visiting, International Affairs, European Studies), Shaul Mishal (Visiting, Middle East Studies), William Odom (Adjunct, Political Science), Patricia Pessar (Adjunct, Anthropology; American Studies), Hamadi Redissi (Visiting, Middle East Studies)
The International Affairs Council (IAC) was founded in 1995 to nurture degree programs, scholarship, and outreach with a strong interdisciplinary and policy-oriented international focus. The programmatic interests of the council focus around development policy, security studies, and the teaching of international issues.
The IAC administers the Master’s Degree in International Relations. The fifty to sixty students in this program combine fundamental training in core disciplines of international relations with an individualized concentration that has relevance to current international issues.
Fields of Study
The two-year program is designed to combine breadth of knowledge of the basic disciplines of international relations with depth of specialization in a particular academic discipline, geographic area, specialized functional issue, and/or professional field. It is designed primarily for students seeking an M.A. degree before beginning a career in international affairs but also supports students interested in going on for a Ph.D. in economics, history, or political science. Joint degrees are offered with the School of Management, Yale Law School, the School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, and Epidemiology and Public Health.
Special Admissions Requirements
Applicants must take the GRE General Test; students whose native language is not English and who did not earn their undergraduate degree at an English-language university must take the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) or the International English Language Testing System (IELTS). The minimum score on the TOEFL is 610 on the paper-based test, 253 on the computer-based test, or 102 on the Internet-based test. Entering students must have taken introductory courses in microeconomics and macroeconomics prior to matriculation.
Special Requirements for the Master’s Degree
The M.A. in International Relations requires two years of graduate study at Yale. To complete the degree, students must take sixteen courses that fulfill the core and concentration requirements, demonstrate proficiency in a modern language, satisfy a research requirement, complete a summer internship or project, and maintain the grade average specified below.
Core
The substantive core consists of seven graduate-level courses: two history courses (one regional and one comparative international); two in political science (one in comparative politics and one in international relations theory); two graduate-level courses in economics (one economic analysis and one international economics); and the foundations course in international relations (see course description below for INRL 700a, required in the first term). Each term, a list of courses meeting these requirements is available from the IR registrar.
Concentration
Beyond the core courses, each student must identify and demonstrate the academic integrity of a coherent set of courses as a proposed concentration for approval by the director of graduate studies (DGS). The concentrations require a minimum of eight courses in the fields selected. Some of the courses may be cross-listed in two or more departments. Students are able to develop concentrations based on a topical, regional, or disciplinary focus, or a combination of a topical and regional focus. Sample concentrations are available from the International Relations Web site.
Language Requirements
Three years of college-level language study or its equivalent in language mastery is required to graduate. This competence must be demonstrated through successful completion of course work or by passing a proficiency examination. International students who completed secondary school or a university degree in a language other than English will be considered to have met the language requirement. Students may study language as part of their Yale program; a maximum of two of the sixteen course credits for the two-year program may be in languages. Students pursuing joint-degree programs must fulfill all language requirements before beginning the program because of the compressed schedule for other course work.
Summer Internship Requirement
All students enrolled in the IR program are required to use the summer between the first and second years of the program to further their professional or academic education. It is expected that this requirement be fulfilled by obtaining experience through employment or an internship. The requirement may also be fulfilled by completing language study, other relevant course work, or independent research on an approved topic.
Each first-year student must file a form with the director of the Office of Career and Alumni Services before June 1 stating the nature of his or her summer internship or approved alternative. Where questions exist as to whether the proposed summer activity satisfies the requirement, the director of Career and Alumni Services will consult with the DGS of the IR program.
Research Requirement
Students are required to demonstrate that they have completed a major research paper, either through their course work or an independent study project. Students must tell the DGS at the beginning of the term that they intend to fulfill the requirement with the paper for a particular course. At the end of the term they must provide the DGS with a copy of the paper. The paper must be a significant research paper, with appropriate notes and references.
Expectation of Academic Performance
M.A. candidates are required to achieve at least two grades of Honors, and their remaining grades must average to at least High Pass. (To have a High Pass average, any grade of Pass must be offset with an additional grade of Honors beyond the required two.) Students are expected to complete eight graduate term courses in their first year, earning at least one Honors, with a High Pass average in the remaining courses. At the end of the first year, students who do not have at least a High Pass average in eight graduate term courses will not be allowed to continue in the program.
Special Requirements for the Joint-Degree Programs
Joint-degree candidates must fulfill all of the requirements of both programs in which they are enrolled before receiving either degree. Joint-degree candidates are required to fulfill the core and concentration requirements of the IR program. An overlap of two courses is allowed between the core and concentration, with a maximum of two additional courses credited toward both degrees. Joint-degree students must take at least twelve graduate-level courses in Arts and Sciences departments or in professional schools other than the one granting the joint degree. Under no circumstances will students be allowed an IR concentration in the functional area in which they will be receiving a joint degree.
Applicants to the joint-degree programs must apply separately, by the appropriate deadline, to the Graduate School for the IR program and to the professional school involved. Decisions on admissions and fellowship support are made independently by each school. Students are encouraged to apply to both programs simultaneously. They may also apply during their first year at Yale to the second program for a joint degree. If accepted into the new program, they must receive approval for credit allocation upon registration from both degree programs.
Graduate Certificate of Concentration in Development Studies
For information on the Certificate of Concentration in Development Studies or the Certificate of Concentration in Security Studies, see the section on the International Affairs Council under Non-Degree-Granting Programs, Centers, and Research Institutes in this bulletin.
For more information, visit www.yale.edu/macmillan/iac/mainternational.htm, e-mail international.relations@yale.edu, write to International Relations, Yale University, PO Box 208206, New Haven CT 06520-8206, or call 203.432.3418.
Courses
INRL 514au,Globalization Space: Global Infrastructure and Extrastatecraft. Keller Easterling.
MW 10.30–11.20, 1 HTBA
Globalization Space examines global infrastructures and spatial products as a medium of transnational politics. Case studies travel around the world to, for instance, a resort in the DPRK, golf courses in China, IT campuses in South Asia, high-speed rail in Saudi Arabia, cable/satellite networks in Africa, and automated ports. As materializations of capital these spaces index labor and resources while also possessing cunning political dispositions and parastate functions. Also ARCH 926a.
INRL 526b, Historical Commodity Flows and the Modern Atlantic World. John Varty.
HTBA
This graduate-level seminar interrogates the political and cultural ecology of commodity chains in the early-modern to modern Atlantic world—roughly 1600 to the twentieth century. The course incorporates both theoretical and empirically based readings from Canada, the U.S., Britain, and the western peninsula of Continental Europe. Students examine relations between the “structure” of Atlantic history and agential dynamics in specific locales. Commodities covered include fish, fur, timber, rum, wheat, guano, bananas, and tomatoes.
INRL 545b, The Dynamics of Russian Politics. William Odom.
T 2.30–4.20
Consideration of the question “Whither Russia?” with emphasis on comparative analytic concepts. Issues of political stability, constitutionalism, and institutions for political participation and governing examined in light of contemporary events and of the Soviet legacy. Also PLSC 744bu.
INRL 549b, The European Union’s Contemporary Challenges. Mary McCarthy.
HTBA
Each year, this course addresses a different set of issues facing the EU. Recent issues have included trade policy, regulation policy, building European monetary power, international trade policy and the WTO, and science, precaution, and policy making. The course is taught by the EU fellow visiting The MacMillan Center. Also E&RS 652b.
INRL 555a, Theories in International Relations. Nikolay Marinov.
M 3.30–5.20
This course provides an introduction to the major concepts and theories in the field of International Relations. By the end of the course, students should be familiar with some of the major debates in the field, and be comfortable using IR concepts and theories to understand and explain events in international politics. The course is a reading-intensive seminar, and the weekly meetings are structured around student-led presentations and discussions of the assigned readings for the week. The student presentations should provide a brief overview of the main arguments of the readings and raise questions for group discussion. All students should prepare to participate in the group discussion by preparing discussion notes, which are turned in at the end of each session of class. There are approximately 150–200 pages of required reading per week. Also PLSC 685a.
INRL 560a, Economic Analysis. Cheryl Doss.
TTh 9–10.15
Introduces IR students to more advanced concepts in economics. Course emphasizes reading and evaluating the economic content of articles on a wide range of topics, including consumer behavior, firm behavior, comparisons of welfare, labor markets, capital markets, and cost-benefit analysis. These articles represent research from both developed and developing economies. Prerequisite: Principles of Microeconomics. Also ECON 544a.
INRL 584au,Palestinian Politics since 1948. Shaul Mishal.
T 9.25–11.15
An examination of key social and political issues in a context of fundamental changes in the external and internal environments since the first Arab-Israeli war of 1948 and up to the rise of Hamas to power in January 2006.
INRL 586au,Israeli Politics. Daphna Canetti-Nisim.
W 9.25–11.15
Introduction of the major issues currently facing Israeli politics and society. Examination of Israel’s political system, its origins, its formal structure, and the way it functions. Discussion of prominent political debates in light of domestic cleavages and regional and international constraints.
INRL 587b, Transnational Jihadism: Its Ideology, Its Cultural Features, and Its New Tendencies. Farhad Khosrokhavar.
M 3.30–5.20
The seminar addresses the new ideological issues related to Jihadism. It sheds light on new theological elaborations based on the analysis of the huge corpus of the new Jihadi literature, mainly on the Internet. The main goal of the seminar is to underscore the new creativity of Jihadism and its attraction to a minority of Muslims who find in this body of literature answers to their social, cultural, and political problems. Knowledge of Arabic is not a prerequisite but is welcome.
INRL 589bu,In Love with Hate: Intergroup Relations and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict. Daphna Canetti-Nisim.
TTh 9–10.15
Introduction of the major issues currently facing the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Examination of the history and roots of this gory conflict. Study of the intergroup relations among Israeli Jews, Israeli Palestinians, and Palestinians living in the Palestinian Authority from a political-psychological perspective.
INRL 591b, Grand Strategies of the Great Powers. Theodore Bromund.
HTBA
An examination of the rise and fall of the powers, their grand strategies in peace and war, and the strategic decision making of their leaders, within the context of the changing structure of the international system from the eighteenth century to today.
INRL 610, Topics in Modern Middle East Studies. Lindsay Benstead.
HTBA
This yearlong course is intended for students who plan to obtain the graduate certificate of concentration in modern Middle East studies. A major requirement of the course is attendance at weekly brown bag seminars hosted by the Council on Middle East Studies, which include speakers from a variety of academic disciplines and other backgrounds addressing political, economic, social, cultural, and historical issues across the Middle East/North Africa region. Other course requirements include three discussion papers responding to seminar lectures of the student’s choice and a final research paper on a topic to be developed by the student and instructor. Students who register and fulfill these requirements receive credit for one term course.
INRL 621b, Religion, Gender, and Globalization. Cheryl Doss, Serene Jones.
HTBA
This course takes an interdisciplinary approach to examining issues of religion, gender, and globalization, with special attention to the ways in which the practices of religion in women’s daily lives impacts and is impacted by globalization. Topics may include urbanization, food and agriculture, war and conflict, and labor markets.
INRL 632a, Transatlantic Relations Since World War II. Sarah Snyder.
HTBA
This course explores the development of the relationship between the United States and its allies in Europe against the backdrop of the Cold War and evaluates the continuing relevance of transatlantic relations for United States diplomacy. The course begins with transatlantic cooperation during World War II, raises questions about the durability of the transatlantic relationship throughout the Cold War, and concludes with an examination of contemporary transatlantic relations. Also ER&S 641a.
INRL 640b, Democracy Promotion: Theory and Practice. Susan Hyde.
Th 9.25–11.15
Why has democracy promotion become a major component of foreign policy? Do attempts to promote democracy by states and international organizations have the intended effects? Most developed democracies and international organizations such as the European Union, the United Nations, and the Organization of American States now actively promote the development of democratic political institutions in other states. The course examines the methods used to promote democracy, justifications for the use of democracy promotion as foreign policy, the variety of actors who engage in democracy promotion, the relationship between domestic and international actors in democratization, and concludes with practical evaluation of the effectiveness of various efforts to promote democracy. Students write a proposal to encourage or strengthen democracy in a specific country, taking into account the state of the art in democracy promotion as well as the major challenges presented by the social, economic, and historical characteristics of the country.
INRL 644a, Toward a Twentieth-Century “Pax Americana.” Patrick Cohrs.
HTBA
This research seminar examines both “classic” interpretive perspectives and significant recent research on American quests to create more durable international orders after the two World Wars. It thus explores how far a distinct “Pax Americana” emerged in the twentieth century. The seminar’s first part reappraises Wilson’s quest to make the world “safe for democracy” and subsequent pursuits of an “American peace” in the interwar period. The second part reassesses the search for a “new world order” after World War II, notably under the Roosevelt and Truman administrations. The focus is on a critical analysis of sources that illuminate the significance of underlying assumptions and learning processes for the reorientations of U.S. postwar policies. Also HIST 734a.
INRL 650a, Non-State Actors in World Politics. Susan Hyde.
W 1.30–3.20
International relations is traditionally studied as interaction between nation-states. However, the role of non-state actors such as international organizations, transnational advocacy networks, multinational corporations, and terrorist networks has become an important element of world politics. After reviewing types of non-state actors and how non-state actors fit into international relations theory, the course focuses on the extent to which non-state actors are important in the international politics of specific issue areas such as human rights, terrorism, globalization, and international environmental politics.
INRL 657b, The Transformation of the International System, 1914–1991. Patrick Cohrs.
HTBA
This seminar pursues both a historical and a theoretical reexamination of the modern international system in the “short” twentieth century, analyzing why it was so profoundly transformed between the era of imperialism preceding World War I and the end of the Cold War. Main themes include the origins of international conflicts from the Great War and the Great Depression to the Cold War’s U.S.-Soviet confrontations, the peace settlements after the World Wars (or absence thereof), American postwar policies and their significance for European integration and the reconstruction of Japan, and the question why the Cold War ended as it did. Particular attention to the changing premises and constraints of international politics that influenced the making and unmaking of legitimate international orders in the twentieth century.
INRL 664a, Military History of the Middle East. Michael Oren.
W 3.30–5.20
This seminar examines the pivotal military engagements in the Middle East over the last two hundred years, from Napoleon’s invasion of Egypt to America’s incursion in Iraq. Special emphasis is placed on the World Wars in the Middle East and on the military dimension of the Arab-Israeli conflict. Readings focus on overviews of the battles as well as the memoirs of their participants. The course stresses—and students are asked to identify—the major themes in the military history of the Middle East and the characteristics that distinguish it from that of other regions. Also HIST 831a.
INRL 700a, The Foundations and Evolution of the International System. Theodore Bromund.
Th 1.30–3.20
Study of core concepts in the international system, including religion, sovereignty, war, finance, and human rights, through readings that present continuities, changes, and contrasting points of view about the system and its structure. Focus on the development of research, writing, and speaking skills. For first-year IR students.
INRL 705b, The Economics and Politics of the World Trading System. Michele Ruta.
HTBA
This course introduces students to the theory of political economy of international trade and links this theory to current issues and open questions. We study the economics and politics of multilateral trade agreements (GATT and the WTO) and of regional agreements (e.g., the EU, Asean, and Mercosur) and the political economy of international factor mobility (immigration and foreign direct investments). We conclude with a critical discussion of policy controversies in the current world trading system (e.g., labor standards, the environment, national independence).
INRL 706a, Politics of International Trade. Alexandra Guisinger.
HTBA
Why have the economic benefits of free trade been so hard to transfer to political reality? This course focuses on the political aspects of international trade, both domestically and internationally. The first half of the term looks at the rise of global and regional trade regimes, individual trade policy preferences, and domestic constraints on trade. The second half focuses on current policy issues such as the relations between trade and democracy, the welfare state, the erosion of state sovereignty, development, and inequality. The course is a reading-intensive seminar; a number of articles include formal economic models, game theory, and/or quantitative analysis.
INRL 713b, Shifting the Development Policy Paradigm. Pia Rebello Britto.
HTBA
Increasingly, international organizations and governments around the world are becoming interested in developing global and national policies to serve one of the most vulnerable segments of the population—children. This course focuses on how to develop policies that have a positive social, political, and economic impact on children’s lives. The course begins with a theoretical overview of current policy trends, both at the global and national levels. Students then work in groups on a selected country to develop national-level policies, applying the conceptual knowledge gained in the first part of the course to the country’s specific political context, economic needs, and social situation.
INRL 720a, Central Issues in American Foreign Policy. Stuart Gottlieb.
HTBA
Examination of the sources, substance, and enduring themes of American foreign policy. Overview of America’s rise to global power in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and American foreign policy decision making during the Cold War and the post-Cold War era. Special focus on the most current challenges in American foreign policy, including the war on terrorism, the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, the conflict in Iraq, and America’s role in global institutions and the world economy. Attendance in INTS 376a lectures required.
INRL 725b, Terrorism and Counterterrorism. Stuart Gottlieb.
W 1.30–3.20
Examination of the origins and evolution of modern terrorism, and strategies employed to confront and combat terrorism. Assessment of a wide variety of terrorist organizations, and the multidimensional causes of terrorist violence past and present. Analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of various counterterrorism strategies, from the point of view of efficacy as well as ethics, with a particular focus on ways in which the threat of global terrorism might impact the healthy functioning of democratic states. Attendance in INTS 373b lectures required.
INRL 730au,The United Nations and the Maintenance of International Security. Jean Krasno.
W 3.30–5.20
Consideration of the role of the U.N. in preventive diplomacy, using force for peacekeeping, peace enforcement, and peace building, with consideration of the evolution of the U.N. and its role in a post-Cold War international system. For IR students and IS/PLSC undergraduates only.
INRL 760a, Policy Workshop. Stuart Gottlieb.
HTBA
One-term workshop in which small teams choose (with instructor approval) a specific global policy issue/challenge to be analyzed from a variety of perspectives (government, NGO, private sector) and levels (national, regional, international) showing all sides of the policymaking and implementation process. What are the best policy options? How were they determined? What are the obstacles to their implementation? What more can be done to help develop realistic solutions? Teams ultimately address these and other questions in a policy white paper, and a “brown bag” oral presentation offered through the International Affairs Council. Designed for second-year International Relations M.A. students. Other students may be admitted with instructor approval.
INRL 900a or b, Directed Reading.
By arrangement with faculty.
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