Online Journals
MLA:
Hitchens, Christopher. “Unfairenheit 9/11.” Slate. 21 June 2004. 28 Oct. 2004
[author.] [“article title.”] [online journal title.] [posting date.] [date of access]
<http://slate.msn.com/id/2102723/>.
[<URL>.]APA:
Hitchens, C. (2004, June 21). Unfairenheit 9/11. Slate. Retrieved October 28,
[author.] [(posting date).] [article title.] [online journal title.] [Retrieved date of access,]
2004, from http://slate.msn.com/id/2102723/
[from URL.]Chicago:
19. Hitchens, “Unfairenheit 9/11.”
[fn. #.] [author last name, “shortened title.”]
[Shortened Chicago reference; see More Notes on Chicago Style for more information.]
[Note: In the Bibliography, Chicago style does not generally include date of access.]
An online journal is a website that publishes new material on a regular schedule (often weekly or monthly), with a journal title or other masthead, but that does not release a print publication. An online journal is not the same as the online version of a periodical that also publishes in print. (See Online Versions of Print Periodicals.) The distinction matters, because online journals—while often more reliable than private websites—are often considered less reliable than print sources or Internet versions of print sources. See Scholarly vs. Popular Sources for more information.
When including an article from an online journal in your Works Cited or list of References, list it by the name of the article’s author. This information is followed in MLA style by the article’s title, by the publication date in APA style. (If no author is identified, list by the article’s title.) Next list the online journal’s name. Give the publication date of the article (for MLA), followed by the date that you accessed the site. Finally, give the full URL—the Webaddress that begins with “http.”
Note: You may notice that listing Internet sources often takes more time and care than listing print sources. Since the authorship and location of Web sources are harder to establish, readers need even more information in order to assess sources and to retrieve them for further study. See Special Demands of Internet Sources for more information.
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